A radioimmunoassay was developed that can detect and quantitate 3 ng or more of the avian RNA tumor virus reverse transcriptase. The assay detected no antigenic sites in Rous sarcoma virus alpha virions or in virions of a murine RNA tumor virus. About 70 molecules of reverse transcriptase were found per virion of avian myleloblastosis virus with this assay or with an assay based on antibody inh...

More than 200 mutations are associated with antiretroviral resistance to drugs belonging to six licensed antiretroviral classes. More than 50 reverse transcriptase mutations are associated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance including M184V, thymidine analog mutations, mutations associated with non-thymidine analog containing regimens, multi-nucleoside resistance mutation...

Small RNA pseudoknots, selected to bind human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase tightly, are potent inhibitors of reverse transcriptase. The co-crystal structure of reverse transcriptase complexed with a 33 nucleotide RNA pseudoknot has been determined by fitting the ligand into a high quality, 4-fold averaged 4.8 A resolution electron density map. The RNA is kinked be...

BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons may be at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus because of viral coinfection and adverse effects of treatment. METHODS We studied associations of new-onset diabetes mellitus with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus coinfections and antiretroviral therapy in participants in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, using Poi...

Reverse transcriptase has been purified from feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) by DEAE-cellulose and phosphocellulose chromatography. The purified enzyme consists of a single protein with a Mr of 67,000. When proteolysis is not minimized during purification, a fragment of Mr 54,000 is also observed. This is similar to the reverse transcriptase from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV), w...

4'-Acylated thymidines represent a new class of DNA chain terminators, since they have been shown to act as post-incorporation chain-terminating nucleotides despite the presence of a free 3'-hydroxyl group. Here, we describe the action of the 4'-acetyl- (MeTTP) and 4'-propanoylthymidine 5'-triphosphate (EtTTP) on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in RNA- and DNA-dependent DNA synthesis and on DNA syn...

In human cancer, high expression of telomerase is correlated with tumor aggressiveness and metastatic potential. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), which regulates telomere length, can promote tumor development. Most research on hTERT has been focused on its crucial function of telomere maintenance. However, there are many phenomena that cannot be explained by its reverse transcrip...

The basis of the specific binding of tRNATrp by avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase was studied by chemical and enzymatic modification of the RNA. Binding does not depend on recognition of the tryptophan anticodon since molecules cleaved in the anticodon are stably bound by the enzyme. Modification of pseudouridine residues in the tRNA destroys binding to reverse transcriptase. The...

Information on antiretroviral dosing errors among health care providers for outpatient human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients is lacking. We evaluated factors associated with nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor dosing errors in a university-based HIV clinic using an electronic medical record. Overall, older age, minority race or ethnicity, and didanosine use were related to...

All double-stranded RNA viruses have capsid-associated RNA polymerase activities. In the reoviruses, the transcriptase synthesizes the viral plus strand in a conservative mode and the replicase synthesizes the viral minus strand, again conservatively. In bacteriophage phi 6 and in some fungal viruses, the transcriptase activity is semiconservative, acting by displacement synthesis. In this work...