To treat tear trough deformities in young patients, transconjunctival orbital fat repositioning has been widely used. Although internal fixation of transposed fat enables more secure and stable fixation than the externalized percutaneous suture method, the latter is used more commonly because of the narrow operation field and consequent technical difficulty of the internal fixation method. We d...

AIM To evaluate ocular surface molecules after transconjunctival pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). METHODS A total of 28 eyes of 28 patients who received PPV were examined. Tears (10μl) were collected before and after 20-gauge PPV or 23-gauge PPV. The concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured. The concentrations of each cyto...

■ Vertical deviation of the orbicularis muscle plays the most important role in entropion and ectropion formation. ■ The orbicularis muscle is controlled by translamellar connections between the lower lid retractors and the anterior lamella. ■ In ectropion, retractor laxity causes an absence of the angle at the lacrimal punctum. ■ In entropion, retractor laxity produces a loss of the lid crease...

Posterior approach blepharoptosis surgery, via the transconjunctival route, was probably the first method of surgery employed to shorten the levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) muscle. A review of the literature demonstrates how surgery has evolved since Blaskovics' first described his technique in 1923. We describe our newer method of posterior approach white-line advancement blepharoptosis rep...

Background: The eyes are important anatomical structures in the aesthetic whole of the face. A person’s gaze communicates aspects of their personality and feelings. This study evaluated the effect of blepharoplasty on the patients’ self-esteem. Methods: From May 2006 to April 2007, 49 female patients aged 30 to 40 years (mean, 34 years) were subjec ted to blepharoplasty. In the upper eyelids, w...

A comparison of the cellular content of needle tip aspirates and entry sites after transconjunctival intravitreal injection (IVI) using different needle types was performed. White outbred rats and human cadaver eyes were used for IVI by hypodermic 27 gauge (G) and 30G needles, and spinal anesthesia Pencan 27G needles. Aspiration of vitreous for quantitative morphological and cell cultivation an...