Perceptual processes play an important role in motor learning. While it is evident that visual information greatly contributes to learning new movements, much less is known about provision of prescriptive proprioceptive information. Here, we investigated whether passive (proprioceptively-based) movement training was comparable to active training for learning a new bimanual task. Three groups pr...

abstract the study aimed at investigating the efficacy of written corrective feedback (cf) in improving iranian efl learners’ grammatical accuracy. it compared the effects of focused and unfocused written cf on the learners’ grammatical accuracy. 75 efl students formed a one control and two experimental groups. the focused feedback group was provided with error correction in tenses. the unfocus...

We report for the first time to our knowledge the experimental achievement of storage ring free-electron laser (FEL) oscillations on the third harmonic in the wide infrared region. The FELs were oscillated in the wavelength regions of 852-881 nm and 1510-1551 nm. The measured linewidth of the third-harmonic FEL was narrower than that of the fundamental FEL owing to the narrower spectral width o...

Time series forecasting has gained much attention due to its many practical applications. Higher-order neural network with recurrent feedback is a powerful technique that has been used successfully for time series forecasting. It maintains fast learning and the ability to learn the dynamics of the time series over time. Network output feedback is the most common recurrent feedback for many recu...

Channel estimation techniques for code-division multiple access (CDMA) systems need to combat multiple access interference (MAI) effectively. Most existing estimation techniques are designed for CDMA systems with short repetitive spreading codes. However, current and next-generation wireless systems use long spreading codes whose periods are much larger than the symbol duration. In this paper, ...

Active learning and training is a particularly effective form of education. In various domains, skills are equally important to knowledge. We present an automated learning and skills training system for a database programming environment that promotes procedural knowledge acquisition and skills training. The system provides meaningful, knowledge-level feedback such as correction of student solu...

This paper presents an application of the feedback error learning technique for online control of an inverted pendulum which has uncertain friction nonlinearity. In order to build up online adaptive learning control, i) the preliminary offline training and the scaling factor for the neural network to escape from the local minimum, and ii) twostage learning scheme are introduced. After some lear...

We derive the conditions for establishment of a transverse supermode in a free-electron laser ~FEL! oscillator, and demonstrate the evolution of a supermode by means of a three-dimensional nonlinear code. Both the analytical formulation and the numerical code are based on coupled-mode theory. The oscillator supermode is a combination of transverse modes that keeps its field profile at any point...

Learners are often reported not to be motivated enough to attend to teacher feedback. Teachers also  tend  to  grade  learners’  writing  samples  when  providing  them  with  corrective  feedback though  they  know  it  may  divert  their  attention  away  from  teacher  feedback.  However,  not grading learner writings does not seem to be an option due to both learners’ demands for it and ins...