This paper is concerned with the problem of representing the eeects of actions. We argue that the traditional minimal change principle is problematic to represent ramiications of actions that are related to the causality of the domain. To handle this problem properly, it is necessary to describe the causal relations of the domain explicitly and compile the domain causality into action theories....

An axiomatic theory represents mathematical knowledge declaratively as a set of axioms. An algorithmic theory represents mathematical knowledge procedurally as a set of algorithms. A biform theory is simultaneously an axiomatic theory and an algorithmic theory. It represents mathematical knowledge both declaratively and procedurally. Since the algorithms of algorithmic theories manipulate the s...

One of the main obstacles for proving Riemann–Roch for algebraic stacks is the lack of cohomology and homology theories that are closer to the K-theory and G-theory of algebraic stacks than the traditional cohomology and homology theories for algebraic stacks. In this paper we study in detail a family of cohomology and homology theories which we call Bredon-style theories that are of this type ...

In diasporic literature the question of identity is tangled with the question of history. This study aims at discussing how Yasmin Crowther reviews the Persian tradition in The Saffron Kitchen, her autobiographical novel which is mainly set-in early 60s, Iran. The novel focuses on evoking and rewriting history by using different types of counter narratives that contrast with Iranian hegemonic d...

The problems of the meaning and function of negation are disentangled from ontological issues with which they have been long entangled. TIle question of the function of negation is the crucial issue separating relevant and paraconsistent logics from classical theories. The function is illuminated by considering the inferential role of contradictions, contradiction being parasitic on negation. T...

participation is a process in which people involved to make endeavors aiming at a common goal; and they do this actively, freely with awareness and accountability. women participation as one of the principles for development can be studied from different perspectives. the objective of the present study is to investigate social and cultural factors influencing social participation of rural women...

In their quest to refute the sceptics’ challenge possibility of knowledge, epistemologists have over years strived demonstrate how our beliefs can be appropriately justified. This paper critically examines two these traditional or anti-sceptical theories justification, namely: Foundationalism and Coherentism, as well three famous post-Gettier justification: Reliability, Defeasibility Causal the...

The technique of genomics and proteomics is one of the fastest developments with the farest-reaching consequences in the high and new biotechnology in the world of today. It can be used to screen the target molecules of the action of traditional Chinese medicines, to identify the new effective components from traditional Chinese medicines, and to explore the mechanisms of the effects of traditi...