BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis is a promising new approach to facilitate reperfusion therapies for acute ischemic stroke. So far, 3 different ultrasound technologies were used to increase the thrombolytic activity of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), including transcranial Doppler (TCD), transcranial color-coded duplex (TCCD), and low-frequency ultrasound. We performe...

Background: Current literature provides little consensus on universal guidelines for first-line treatment of chronic subdural hematomas (cSDH). However, administration local tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) may enhance the traditional method twist drill drainage (TDD). The study aims to explore efficacy TDD with and without tPA, at achieving clinically relevant (200mL) reducing recurrence cSD...

The roles of the endoplasmic-reticulum lectins calnexin and calreticulin in the folding of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) have been investigated using an in vitro translation system that reconstitutes these processes as they would occur in the intact cell. Using co-immunoprecipitation of newly synthesized tPA with antibodies to calnexin and calreticulin, it was demonstrated that the in...

OBJECTIVE The management of parapneumonic effusions in children is controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of intrapleural tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in children who require tube thoracostomy for drainage of a complicated parapneumonic effusion. METHODS An observational cohort study was used to compare children who were treated with intr...

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a Ca++- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase activated by diacylglycerol that is either released from cell membranes in response to certain growth factors or mimicked by 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). We studied the effects of TPA on interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent colony formation of mouse bone marrow cells from mice injected with 5-fluorouracil 2 da...

TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-1, 3-acetate) can induce cell apoptosis and cause PKB (protein kinase B) degradation correlated with its phosphorylation in gastric cancer cells. We investigated whether the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway is involved in TPA-induced PKB degradation. The results showed that TPA could induce PKB ubiquitination by inhibiting its phosphorylation at the serine 473 site. ...

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) use in the treatment of ischemic stroke: tPA is a serine protease that catalyzes the breakdown of blood clots. Because of its thrombolytic properties, tPA is used to treat specific types of stroke, including ischemia, but is contraindicated for treatment of hemorrhagic stroke or head trauma. Although a life saving and powerful ‘clot buster’, tPA has a short th...

The best-known function of the serine protease tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is as a thrombolytic enzyme. However, it is also found in structures of the brain that are highly vulnerable to hypoxia-induced cell death, where its association with neuronal survival is poorly understood. Here, we have demonstrated that hippocampal areas of the mouse brain lacking tPA activity are more vuln...

Murine 8S-lipoxygenase (8S-LOX) is a 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-inducible lipoxygenase. That is, it is not detected in normal mouse skin, however, a significant increase in expression is detected in the skin of TPA promotion-sensitive strains of mice after TPA treatment. In this study, we found TPA-induced 8S-LOX mRNA expression is a result of increased transcription in SSIN pri...