Filtration of contaminated breathing gases is a necessary measure in mechanical ventilation. There are two types of filters available for filtration of breathing gases: mechanical filters and electrostatic filters. Filter efficiency can be established through a number of means, the most stringent being the High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) test. While a variety of HEPA-grade filters are av...

The article presents performance analysis of a real valued neuro genetic algorithm applied for the detection of proportion of the gases found in manhole gas mixture. The neural network (NN) trained using genetic algorithm (GA) leads to concept of neuro genetic algorithm, which is used for implementing an intelligent sensory system for the detection of component gases present in manhole gas mixt...

Miner safety and security is a major challenge around the world due to exposure toxic gases that are frequently released in underground mines. Miners' health adversely affected primarily by gases, which endanger workers' lives. Furthermore, human sensory abilities do not detect these dangerous gases. As result, this paper proposes monitoring system includes temperature sensor, humidity gas sens...

The method of X-Ray Photo-electron Spectroscopy is used to determine the chemical state of the sulfur species present in fly-ash samples produced by burning a number of pulverized coal samples under reducing conditions in a continuous combustion furnace. The influence of submicron metallic constituents present in the flue-gases of the pyrometallurical systems on the state of the sulfur species ...

In this paper, the integration of a flexible RFID tag with an inkjet-printed Single Walled Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT) film in a chipless sensor node for toxic gas detection was introduced for the first time. The whole module is realized on a "green" low-cost paper substrate. Carbon nanotube composites change their electric properties (e.g. resistance, dielectric properties) in the presence of very...

Environmental impact assessment of liquid rocket motor exhaust obtained due to mainly liquid propellant combustion have been highlighted. Exhaust product analysis has been carried out theoretically by computer software NASA CEC -71 to identify toxic emissions of rocket combustion. In the present study a high volume Air Samplers (APM-430) was deployed at predetermined locations near launch pad f...

Residues of pesticide fumigants and toxic industrial chemicals in freight containers represent a health hazard to employees and consumers, especially since freight containers are sealed for transport and distributed widely throughout the importing countries before being opened for unloading. We investigated 2113 freight containers arriving at the second largest container terminal in Europe, Ham...

A comprehensive methodology has been developed for obtaining and using smoke toxicity data for fire hazard analysis. This bench-scale method can simulate diverse fire conditions and identify extremely toxic smoke under both pre- and post-flashover conditions. However, incidence data show that most of the fire deaths in the U.S. occur outside the room of fire origin from smoke and toxic gases th...