We measured single-breath CO transfer factor (TLCO) and alveolar oxygen partial pressure (PAO2) six times at each of three fractions of inspired oxygen (FIO2) (0.17, 0.21, 0.26) in twelve healthy subjects, to determine whether one FIO2 would have the advantage of producing less variable TLCO results than the others. Measured TLCO was adjusted for the increase in carboxyhaemoglobin during the te...

This paper presents a fast and accurate method to determine the available transfer capability. Ralston’smethod is used to predict the two trajectory points of voltagemagnitude, power flow, and maximum generator rotor angle difference. Then, the cubic spline interpolation technique is used to accurately trace the P-V, P-S, or P-Δδ curves between two points of trajectory. The P-V, P-S and PΔδ cur...

A mathematical model for ATC based on optimal power flow was built under the static security constraints, where the maximum of all load nodes in receiving area was considered as aim function. In view of the defects of slow convergence and low accuracy in ATC optimization algorithms, a chaos cloud particle swarm optimization algorithm based on golden section criteria (CCGPSO) was proposed. This ...

A key concept in the restructuring of the electric power industry is the ability to accurately and rapidly quantify the capabilities of the transmission system. Transmission transfer capability is limited by a number of different mechanisms, including thermal, voltage, and stability constraints. This paper discusses the ATC definitions and determination guidelines approved by the North American...

This paper proposes a novel fast computational method to determine the simultaneous power available transfer capability (ATC) in a power system. This method consists of a fast estimation algorithm and a constrained power flow iteration. The ATC limiting factors considered in the method are: line thermal limits, bus voltage limits, and generator reactive power limits. When combined with the firs...

The main idea of this paper is to illustrate the interaction between various kinds of power system operational limits and corrective actions. In particular, the paper focuses on the interplay between line flow limits and active generation redispatch as the corrective action. The proposed methodology handles a wide range of flow limits by explicit inclusion of line flow equations into the set of...

This paper reviews a computer-aided analytical technique for predicting the power transfer capability of an AC inverter energizing a separable inductive coupling. The capability curve is obtained using a switching model of the output rectifier and a readily available software package such as MATLABB. The capability curve is useful, among other applications, for evaluating candidate separable tr...

|This paper concentrates on studying the e ect of SVC and TCSC controllers on the Available Transfer Capability (ATC). Standard voltage collapse techniques are used to determine the ATC of a test system, considering a variety of system limits. Then, based on second-order sensitivity analysis, optimal locations for these particular FACTS controllers are determined; these techniques are compared ...