A new mixed-model method was developed for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) by incorporating multiple polygenic covariance structures. First, we used genome-wide markers to calculate six different kinship matrices. We then partitioned the total genetic variance into six variance components, one corresponding to each kinship matrix, including the additive, dominance, additive × additive, do...

this research has been done for studying the effect of split application of nitrogen fertilizer on growth indexes and yield of three hybrids of grain corn in shahrood. a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications was carried out in 2007. three hybrids of corn (double cross 370, single cross 447, single cross 499) were placed in main plots and split ap...

In winter wheat, grain development is asynchronous. The grain number and grain weight vary significantly at different spikelet and grain positions among wheat cultivars grown at different plant densities. In this study, two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, 'Wennong6' and 'Jimai20', were grown under four different plant densities for two seasons, in order to study the effect of pla...

A method is presented for the determination of the effective average projected grain diameter (d^) using visual analysis of enlargements of Kodak Tri-X Pan and Kodak Royal-X Pan emulsions. Each was exposed to three light sources of color temperatures 6100°K, 2850°K, and 2040°K, and was developed in Kodak developers HC-110, DK-50, and D-19 for 5, 8, 12, and 20 minutes at 68°F. For 5to 20-minute ...

Salt stress is one of the major factors limiting crop productivity worldwide. Grain amaranth is new crop with high yield potential and good nutrition value which can be a good substitute for salt-sensitive crops in saline areas. This research was conducted to evaluate different level of salinity and applied salinity stress at several growth stages on some morphological and physiological traits ...

to investigate the effect of sowing density and growth habit on yield, yield components and weed community of red bean an experiment was conducted at research farm of zanjan university, during 2009. the experiment carried out using factorial-split plot design in completely randomized block arrangement with three replications. the main plots, included three red bean cultivars (goli, sayyad and d...

Genotypic variation in ear morphology is linked to differences in photosynthetic potential to influence grain yield in winter cereals. Awns contribute to photosynthesis, particularly under water-limited conditions when canopy assimilation is restricted. We assessed performance of up to 45 backcross-derived, awned-awnletted NILs representing four diverse genetic backgrounds in 25 irrigated or ra...