Changes in climate due to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) are predicted to intensify episodes of drought, but our understanding of how these combined conditions will influence crop-pathogen interactions is limited. We recently demonstrated that elevated [CO2] alone enhances maize susceptibility to the mycotoxigenic pathogen, Fusarium verticillioides (Fv) but fumonisin le...

Mycotoxins in maize grain intended for ethanol production are enriched in co-product dried distiller's grains and solubles (DDGS) and may be detrimental to yeast in fermentation. This study was conducted to examine the magnitude of fumonisin enrichment in DDGS and to analyze the impacts of insect injury, Fusarium ear rot severity, and fumonisin contamination on final ethanol yield. Samples of n...

The fate of aflatoxins and fumonisins, two mycotoxins that cooccur in maize, was studied through the traditional processing of naturally contaminated maize in mawe, makume, ogi, akassa, and owo, maize-based foods common in Benin, West Africa. Levels of total aflatoxin and fumonisin were measured at the main unit operations of processing, and the unit operations that induce significant reduction...

Tetanus toxin produces spastic paralysis in situ by blocking inhibitory neurotransmitter release in the spinal cord. Although di- and trisialogangliosides bind tetanus toxin, their role as productive toxin receptors remains unclear. We examined toxin binding and action in spinal cord cell cultures grown in the presence of fumonisin B(1), an inhibitor of ganglioside synthesis. Mouse spinal cord ...

Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by some Fusarium species and can contaminate maize or maize products. Ingestion of fumonisins is associated with diseases, including cancer and neural tube defects, in humans and animals. In fungi, genes involved in the synthesis of mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites are often located adjacent to each other in gene clusters. Such genes can encode struc...

Fumonisin A-series (FAs) in a reference material of corn sample that was naturally contaminated with fumonisins was characterized using high-resolution liquid chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LC-Orbitap MS). Peaks for fumonisin B1 (FB1), fumonisin B2 (FB2), and fumonisin B3 (FB3), in addition to three peaks corresponding to unknown compounds I, II, and III, were detected in the chroma...

Fumonisins, a group of toxic metabolites produced by the genus Fusarium, are known to be consumed by farm animals and are the causative agent or a suspected contributing factor in farm animal diseases. Pigs are particularly susceptible to fumonisins. Reproductive inefficiency is recognized as the most costly limiting constraint to efficient animal production. To account for potential reproducti...

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is the most abundant of the fumonisin mycotoxins, mainly produced in corn by fungi of the genus Fusarium. FB1 has been shown to be hepatocarcinogenic and nephrocarcinogenic in animals. Contamination of corn with FB1 was assayed in samples collected from Mazandaran Province, situated on the Caspian littoral of Iran, in September 2000. In this survey, 38 corn samples were analy...

In a six-week feeding trial, total of 48 crossbred weaned male rabbits 7 weeks old were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments, with 12 replicates per treatment determine growth indices and nutrient digestibility fed fumonisin-contaminated diets. Maize grains contaminated fumonisin B1 incorporated into rabbit diets excluding the control diet (treatment 1, 0.13mgKg-1), at varied inclusion ...