A new strategy with bone tissue engineering by mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on titanium implant has been dawn attention. The surface scaffold properties of titanium surface play an important role in bone regenerative potential of cells. The surface topography and chemistry are postulated to be two major factors increasing the scaffold properties of titanium implants. This study aimed t...

The neocortex is divided into multiple areas with specific architecture, molecular identity and pattern of connectivity with the dorsal thalamus. Gradients of transcription factor expression in the cortical primordium regulate molecular regionalization and potentially the patterning of thalamic projections. We show that reduction of Fgf8 levels in hypomorphic mouse mutants shifts early gradient...

Following unilateral transection (pedunculotomy) of the neonatal rat olivocerebellar pathway, the remaining inferior olive reinnervates the denervated hemicerebellum with correct topography. The critical period for this transcommissural reinnervation closes between postnatal days 7 and 10 but can be extended by injection of growth factors. Whether growth factor treatment can extend developmenta...

Contour moiré pictures with good contrast of a full size living body are now available. Construction problems, performance, and accuracy of large instruments are experimentally studied. Techniques to minimize the drawbacks of the moiré contouring are developed. The system has been proved to be ready for practical application to full size living bodies.

R ivers develop on planetary bodies from the interplay of climate and topography. In planetary contexts, rivers and their effects are used to constrain shortand long-term climate models. However, rivers are also controlled by the shortand long-wavelength topography of the planetary surface. Rivers thus provide a means to constrain the generation of topography. On page 727 of this issue, Black e...

Introduction: The Venusian geoid, gravity field, and topography have been used in a variety of applications and are the primary sources of information about the internal structure of the planet. We focus on the relationship between the geoid and topography to determine both the support mechanism for the topography and lithospheric density structure. Magnitude of Dynamic Topography: The long-wav...

[1] Oblique convergence is the general rule along convergent boundaries. Such convergence produces asymmetric deformation (topography) along the collision boundary. To quantify this asymmetry, we develop a method that allows us to calculate the asymmetry in topography with respect to a reference line drawn perpendicular to the collision boundary. The asymmetry in topography is presented as a nu...

Preparation of landslide susceptibility maps is important for engineering geologists and geomorphologists. However, due to complex nature of landslides, producing a reliable susceptibility map is not easy. In this paper, the weights-of-evidence model (a Bayesian probability model) was applied to the task of evaluating landslide susceptibility using GIS. Using landslide location and a spatial da...