Reduction of water resources limits the ability of farmers for food production and subsistence. Nowadays the quick growth of population has been the most important factor in the decline of renewable water. In many parts of Iran, including region of interest, the major factor in water resources decline was land use change, that may  cause to ecological destruction and disruption. Sustainabl...

in this study, the quaternary deformation and tectonic activity of saeedabad-chai drainage basin, are assessed using geomorphic approach. this drainage basin is located in northern slope of sahand mountain. north tabriz fault (ntf), is passing from the saeedabad-chai basin. variation in the morphology of mountain front provied the basis for geomorphic assessment of tectonic activity. therefore,...

the effect of soil and topographic features on distribution of amygdalus scoparia in nehbandan (iran) was investigated. slope, aspect and altitudinal maps were overlaid to prepare a working map unit. quantitative and qualitative traits, including height, number, collar diameter of sprout with the highest diameter, crown diameter and trunk health were recorded in 1000 m2 plots (27 plots). in eac...

Leonardo’s maps are to be analysed not only in relation all his works, but also the context of cartography between second half 15th century and early 16th techniques so-called vedutismo pittorico. The aim contribution is highlight – through a series case studies potential Leonardo's as sources for reconstruction historical landscape. research, starting from some produced by Leonardo, focused on...

ABSTRACT In the thirteenth century AD, city of Karakorum was founded as capital Mongol Empire. Relatively little archaeological attention, however, has been directed at site and phenomenon steppe urbanism. The authors report new magnetic topographic surveys walled surrounding landscape. resulting maps reveal in unprecedented detail. Combining topographical data with aerial photographs, pedestri...

Abstract. In acknowledgment that no war can be fought without maps, German military cartography between 1915 and 1918 gradually extended its cartographic involvement in the Ottoman theaters of Sinai, Mesopotamia Palestine. By end Great War, six topographical map series had been specially produced: Operationskarte 1:800,000, Karte des türkisch-ägyptischen Grenzgebietes 1:250,000, von Mesopotamie...

Introduction: Quadrangle geological maps from Mariner 10 data cover 45% [1] of the surface of Mercury at 1:5M scale, e.g. [2],[3]. Orbital MESSENGER data, which cover the entire planetary surface, can now be used to produce finer scale geological maps, including regions unseen by Mariner 10. Hokusai quadrangle (0–90° E; 22.5–66° N) is in the hemisphere unmapped by Mariner 10. It contains promin...