Objective. To test the hypothesis that the application of 4% cocaine-soaked cotton pledgets to each piriform sinus for one minute represents a safe and efficacious method of providing additional topical anesthesia for fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Materials and Methods. We retrospectively reviewed all FBs performed at Mayo Clinic Jacksonville from January 1999 to April 2004. Data abstracted included...

PURPOSE Topical anesthetics can reduce episcleral venous pressure (EVP) and IOP in rabbits. In this study, we investigated the effect of topical anesthesia on EVP in normal human subjects. METHODS We included in this study 30 eyes of 15 healthy volunteers who were habitual soft contact lens wearers. The EVP was measured before and at 5 and 10 minutes after instillation of topical proparacaine...

Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, is an anesthetic used for general anesthesia. In the past 20 years, ketamine has been successfully formulated topically and has been used for analgesia. Topical analgesics are popular among physicians due to their efficacy and limited systemic effects. With the rise in compounding pharmacies in the U.S., the use of topical ketamine compounded with v...

PURPOSE Amino-amide or amino-ester local anesthetics, which are currently used for topical ocular anesthesia, are short acting and may delay corneal healing with long-term use. In contrast, site 1 sodium channel blockers (S1SCBs) are potent local anesthetics with minimal adverse tissue reaction. In this study, we examined topical local anesthesia with two S1SCBs, tetrodotoxin (TTX) or saxitoxin...

BACKGROUND The current randomized double-blind clinical trial aimed to compare the incidence of post-operative cough with intravenous vs. topical lidocaine in children with mild upper respiratory infection (URI) anesthetized with laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in the university-affiliated medical center. OBJECTIVES To assess the incidence of adverse respiratory event including cough, apnea, lary...