Site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) was used to examine and compare transmembrane signaling events in the bacterial outer-membrane transport proteins BtuB, FecA, and FhuA. These proteins extract energy for transport by coupling to the transperiplasmic protein TonB, an interaction that is thought to be mediated by the Ton box, a highly conserved energy-coupling motif in these transporters. In the...

treated with corticosteroids was found to have a statistically significant higher mortality rate compared to the placebo group [4]. This means that not only is the treatment with high dose corticosteroids not beneficial in cases of TON, it may in fact be harmful when given to patients with severe head trauma and brain injury. We present the case of a patient with bilateral TON. Bilateral TON is...

Cement-based materials have often been used for infrastructure construction and repair. The production of conventional Portland cement is energy-consuming and environmentally unfriendly. For example, production of one ton of Portland cement generates approximately one ton of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from calcining limestone and fuel use. It is estimated that cement production contributes 7% of to...