Addressing the determinants of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is challenged by aggressive market promotion by tobacco, alcohol and unhealthy food industries in emerging countries with fast economic development; and interference by these industries in government policies aimed at containing consumption of unhealthy products. This editorial reviews market promotion and industry interference and...

this research was done aimed to investigation the effective factors on production skills of tobacco growers in mazandaran province. this is an applied study based on descriptive-correlation method. statistical population of this research consisted of 1500 tobacco growers  of mazandaran province, and 306 people were selected based on morgan table. content validity of the questionnaire was determ...

potato virus y (pvy) is one of the most important pathogenic agents that reduce the yield and quality of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.). dna-based molecular markers are valuable tools for identifying germplasm in gene banks, assessing kinship ties, and doing marker-assisted selection (mas) for resistance to pests, diseases, and some crop traits of interest. this work presents the results of ass...

background: it is suggested that various forms of tobacco use have some effects on diverse sites of head and neck to develop cancer. material and methods: the study examines data for oral cancer in male subjects, collected from the population registered in cancer registry during the year 2007- 2008. all the data collected were entered into the spreadsheets. the statistical package for social sc...

background: training medical students in tobacco prevention and cessation skills is critical to have competent physicians who are prepared to address the grave levels of morbidity and mortality associated with tobacco use. medical students should possess adequate knowledge of the risks of tobacco use and acquire appropriate skills for helping their patients in smoking prevention and cessation. ...

in order to study the effect of methanol on growth and yield of virginia tobacco varieties cocker 347, an experiment was carried out through a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with 4 replications and 18 treatments. first treatment was spraying time which includes 3 levels, sprayed in the morning (8-10 hours) and noon (12-14 hours) and evening (17-19 hours) and the second...

background: we aimed to assess the prevalence of type-2 diabetes in rural pondicherry and to study the determinants of diabetes mellitus (dm) in the rural population of pondicherry, south induia. methods: it was a cross-sectional community-based study conducted from november 2010 to january 2012 in two of the field practice villages affiliated to a medical college in pondicherry. sample size wa...

introduction: noise, as the most common pollutant in the industrial environment, can lead to hearing loss and negatively affect other organs such as the cardiovascular system. cigarette smoking is a popular habit among some workers, and can also have a negative effect on the cardiovascular system. this study aimed to investigate the effect of simultaneous exposure to noise and cigarette smoke o...

objectives the current study aimed to assess the determinants of tobacco smoking and hookah smoking in a nationally representative sample of iranian children and adolescents. patients and methods this study was conducted as part of the fourth cross-sectional survey of a national school-based program. using a cluster random sampling method, a validated questionnaire was completed anonymously by ...