Recent technological innovations have catalyzed the generation of a massive amount of data at various levels of biological regulation, including DNA, RNA and protein. Due to the complex nature of biology, the underlying model may only be discovered by integrating different types of high-throughput data to perform a “meta-dimensional” analysis. For this study, we used simulated gene expression a...

In an open network computing environment, a workstation cannot be trusted to identify its users correctly to network services. Kerberos provides an alternative approach whereby a trusted third-party authentication service is used to verify users’ identities. This paper gives an overview of the Kerberos authentication model as implemented for MIT’s Project Athena. It describes the protocols used...

This paper describes our experience using the interactive theorem prover Athena for proving the correctness of abstract interpretation-based dataflow analyses. For each analysis, our methodology requires the analysis designer to formally specify the property lattice, the transfer functions, and the desired modeling relation between the concrete program states and the results computed by the ana...

Athena is fascinated by the tailbone (coccyx) for more than one reason: it is named poetically after the beak of a cuckoo; it is the key Darwinian link between the tail of primates and the tailless Homo sapiens; notwithstanding its tiny size it plays a vital role in anal continence by giving attachment to anal sphincters; and above all it harbors totipotent stem cells giving rise to a peculiar ...

Several forms of collaborative and networked organisations have emerged due to increased alliances, outsourcing, globalisation and improvements in distributed information systems. Interoperability demands and challenges are rising. There is a need to meet these interoperability challenges. This paper proposes a framework to assess how well a networked organisation supports interoperability. The...

This note describes the performance of the calorimeter clustering algorithms used for ATLAS, and which provide inputs for particle identification. ATLAS uses two principal algorithms. The first is the “sliding-window” algorithm, which clusters calorimeter cells within fixed-size rectangles; results from this are used for electron, photon, and tau lepton identification. The second is the “topolo...

In Sophocles’ Antigone and Oedipus Rex (Oedipus the King), the chief characters, Antigone, Creon, and Oedipus, become entangled in a complex web of events relating in important ways to both oikos (οἶκος) and polis (πολις), and each character threatens the existence or stability of one of the other (or both) of these spheres, by neglecting or rejecting outright their respective claims, rules and...

The first successful appendicectomy is often credited to Lawson Tait (1880). But it was Claudius Amyand who, in 1735, successfully resected a perforated appendix from the hernia sac of an 11-year-old boy. In his honor, inguinal hernia containing vermiform appendix is named as Amyand hernia.[1,2] Mucus accumulation and ischemia of the entrapped appendix may precipitate infection and inflammation...

We present a space mission concept for a low energy gamma-ray telescope, ATHENA, which is under investigation as the next major advance in gamma-ray spectroscopy following the current COMPTON Gamma Ray Observatory and the planned INTEGRAL missions. The instrument c o v ers the nuclear line emission energy domain with dramatically improved sensitivity and spectral resolution. The baseline conngu...