Imatinib and second generation BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) serve now as standard therapies for patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML); however, CML stem cells are intrinsically insensitive to the cell death-inducing effects of TKIs, allowing the persistence of a "reservoir" of BCR/ABL-expressing CML-initiating cells potentially responsible for disease relapse and progres...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have improved the management of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, a significant proportion of patients do not achieve the optimal response or are resistant to TKI. ABL kinase domain mutations have been extensively implicated in the pathogenesis of TKI resistance. Treatment with second-generation TKI has produced hig...

The mutation of T790M in EGFR is a major mechanism of resistance to treatment with EGFR-TKIs. Only qualitative detection (presence or absence) of T790M has been described to date, however. Digital PCR (dPCR) analysis has recently been applied to the quantitative detection of target molecules in cancer with high sensitivity. In the present study, 25 tumor samples (13 obtained before and 12 after...

Introduction Oncogenic driver mutations activating EGFR, ALK, or BRAF in NSCLC predict sensitivity to specific tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs). We provide data on prevalence, treatment and survival of driver-mutation positive NSCLC in a predominantly Caucasian population in routine clinical practice. Patients and Methods NSCLC patients diagnosed from 2006-2015 with an EGFR-test result were ...

We proposed to compare the outcomes of first-line epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) alone with EGFR-TKI plus whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) for the treatment of brain metastases (BM) in patients with EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma. A total of 1665 patients were screened from 2008 to 2014, and 132 were enrolled in our study. Among the 132 patients, 72 (54.5...

BACKGROUND Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been used for thousands of year in Eastern countries. First-line epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment is the standard treatment in stage IV pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients who had tumor EGFR mutations. This study was to find the efficacy of CHM on lung cancer treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrosp...

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a critical role in oncogenesis, which makes it an attractive target for pharmacologic inhibition. Yet, EGFR inhibition with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) does not result in a measurable and sustainable clinical benefit in a vast majority of tumors. This emphasizes the need for further investigations into resistance mechanisms against EGFR-TKIs. W...

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatment has been improved by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib mesylate (IM) but various factors can cause TKI resistance in patients with CML. One factor which contributes to TKI resistance is a germline intronic deletion polymorphism in the BCL2-like 11 (BIM) gene which impairs the expression of pro-apoptotic splice isoforms of BIM. SB939 (pra...

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are widely used to treat patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in the chronic phase (CML-CP), and outcomes of TKI treatment for patients with CML-CP have been excellent. Since multiple TKIs are currently available, second-line or third-line TKI therapy is considered for patients who are intolerant of or resistant to the previous TKI treatment. Therefore, a...

There is debate surrounding which treatment is superior in overall survival (OS) rates in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) followed by second-line platinum-based doublet chemotherapy (PCT), or the reverse sequence. Cross treatment of first- and second-line TKI and PCT makes it difficult to...