While the cytotoxic effects of titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanoparticles have been under intense investigation, the molecular mechanisms of this cytotoxicity remain unknown. Here we investigated the influence of oncogenic transformation and a major apoptotic signaling pathway on cellular responses to TiO(2) nanoparticles. Isogenic wild-type (WT) and apoptosis-resistant (Bak(-/-)Bax(-/-)) cell lin...

A single-species laboratory test with terrestrial invertebrates was used to identify the hazard of nanosized TiO(2). Feeding parameters, weight change, mortality, and the activities of catalase and glutathione-S-transferase were evaluated after 3 or 14 days of dietary exposure. The effects of nano-TiO(2) were dependent on exposure concentration and duration, total consumed quantity, size and pr...

An enhanced ferromagnetic property, visible light active TiO(2) photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by supporting strontium ferrite (SrFe(12)O(19)) onto TiO(2) doped with nitrogen (N) and compared with N-doped TiO(2). The synthesized catalysts were further characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), BET s...

Ultra-fine CdS quantum dots modified TiO(2) nanotube arrays (TiO(2)-NTs) with enhanced visible-light activity are fabricated via a cathodic electro-deposition combined with ion-exchange route (CEDIE). The as-formed CdS quantum dots were highly dispersed both outside and inside the TiO(2)-NTs. The proposed CEDIE strategy results in the strong combination and heterojunctions between CdS and TiO(2...

Titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are the two most popular functional materials in recent years. In this study, CNTs/TiO(2) composite and TiO(2) photoanodes were fabricated by a dip-coating technique, followed by subsequent calcination. The resultant photoanodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-visible spectroscopy (UV...

By using one-dimensional rutile TiO(2) nanorod arrays as the structure-directing scaffold as well as the TiO(2) source to two consecutive hydrothermal reactions, densely aligned SrTiO(3) -modified rutile TiO(2) heterojunction photocatalysts are crafted for the first time. The first hydrothermal processing yielded nanostructured rutile TiO(2) with the hollow openings on the top of nanorods (i.e....

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles are widely used in cosmetics, sunscreens, biomedicine, and food products. When used as a food additive, TiO₂ nanoparticles are used in significant amounts as white food-coloring agents. However, the effects of TiO₂ nanoparticles on the gastrointestinal tract remain unclear. The present study was designed to determine the effects of five TiO₂ particles of di...

A useful nanophotocatalyst (La,S-TiO2) was prepared by a sol-gel method and characterized by UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence emission spectroscopy (PL) and scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The results showed that the La,S-TiO2, which calcined at 550 °C, contained only anatase phaseand its crystal size was 23 nm...

Recommended Citation Ellickson, Daniel Emick. "Assessment of microscopy methods for distinguishing engineered nanoparticles from incidental nanoparticles." MS O'Shaughnessy for all of his guidance preparing for this project. I would also like to thank Dr. Peters for the use of his laboratory equipment, Jonas Baltrusaitis for microscopy training and advice, and the Heartland Center for financial...

OBJECTIVES Titanium dioxide (TiO(2)), a common nanoparticle widely used in industrial production, is one of nano-sized materials. The purpose of this study was to determine the acute and chronic toxicity of TiO(2) using different size and various concentrations on Daphnia magna. METHODS In the acute toxicity test, four concentrations (0, 0.5, 4, and 8 mM) for TiO(2) with 250 or 500 nm and fiv...