Tidal channels are one of the most common and prominent geomorphic features on salt marshes. Because of their much smaller resistance to water flow compared with that of the densely vegetated marsh area, well developed tidal channels often function as arteries and carry significant amount of water as well as sediments during both the flood and ebb period of salt marshes hydraulic cycle. Therefo...

Editor’s key points † New anaesthetic machines can automatically control the concentrations of volatile agents and fresh gas flow. † This study compared the ETControlTM with manual adjustment of fresh gas flow by the anaesthetist in clinical practice. † Time spent at low gas flows was significantly greater and volatile agent usage and costs were lower when using the automated system. † Further ...

Tidal stream energy has the potential to make a significant contribu‐ tion to energy mix in the future. Accurate modelling and visualisation of both tidal resource and array layout enhances understanding of in-stream tidal behav‐ iour leading to improvements in site identification and optimal positioning of individual turbines. A realistic representation of blade loading conditions will aid des...

[1] Turbulence controls the composition of river plumes through mixing and alters the plume’s trajectory by diffusing its momentum. While believed to play a crucial role in decelerating river-source waters, the turbulence stress in a near-field river plume has not previously been observationally quantified. In this study, finely resolved density, velocity, and turbulence observations are combin...

The purpose of this study was to assess whether during standard methacholine (Mch) challenge (concentration up to 128 mg x mL(-1)) healthy supine subjects a) develop tidal expiratory flow limitation (FL) and hyperinflation, and b) whether the onset of tidal FL is associated with dyspnoea. Eight healthy subjects were studied. Dyspnoea was assessed using the Borg scale, FL by the negative expirat...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate and compare the efficiency of humidification in available heat and moisture exchanger models under conditions of varying tidal volume, respiratory rate, and flow rate. INTRODUCTION Inspired gases are routinely preconditioned by heat and moisture exchangers to provide a heat and water content similar to that provided normally by the nose and upper airways. The absolute h...

Initial results of an ongoing Navier-Stokes Computational Fluid Dynamics study of horizontal axis tidal current turbine hydrodynamics are presented. Part of the underlying motivation is assessing the effects of the Reynolds number on turbine performance and loads in steady and unsteady flow regimes. The study aims at a) providing initial verification and validation of Navier-Stokes CFD for stea...

We measured the flux of water through a beach at the head of Catalina Harbor, California, by monitoring the water table in a transect of wells perpendicular to the shoreline. During a 24-h period, the volume of sediments filled and drained, the tidal wedge, was 7.4 m3 (m shoreline)21, and the flux of water pumped across the beach face was 1.0 6 0.3 m3 d21 (m shoreline)21. 222Rn concentrations m...

INTRODUCTION The inspiratory flow pattern influences CO₂ elimination by affecting the time the tidal volume remains resident in alveoli. This time is expressed in terms of mean distribution time (MDT), which is the time available for distribution and diffusion of inspired tidal gas within resident alveolar gas. In healthy and sick pigs, abrupt cessation of inspiratory flow (that is, high end-in...