The Cf-9 gene encodes an extracytosolic leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein that is membrane anchored near its C-terminus. The protein confers resistance in tomato to races of the fungus Cladosporium fulvum expressing the corresponding avirulence gene Avr9. In Nicotiana tabacum the Cf-9 transgene confers sensitivity to the Avr9 elicitor, and leads on elicitation to a subset of defence responses q...

(1) Soft Computing Laboratory, Computer Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, In this paper, we consider the call admission problem in next generation wireless networks, which must handles multi-media traffics. We give an algorithm, which finds the optimal number of guard channels, which minimizes the overall blocking probability calls with lowest level of Qo...

Abscisic acid (ABA) signal transduction has been proposed to utilize cytosolic Ca(2+) in guard cell ion channel regulation. However, genetic mutants in Ca(2+) sensors that impair guard cell or plant ion channel signaling responses have not been identified, and whether Ca(2+)-independent ABA signaling mechanisms suffice for a full response remains unclear. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPK...

Limitation of water loss and control of gas exchange is accomplished in plant leaves via stomatal guard cells. Stomata open in response to light when an increase in guard cell turgor is triggered by ions and water inf lux across the plasma membrane. Recent evidence demonstrating the existence of ATP-binding cassette proteins in plants led us to analyze the effect of compounds known for their ab...

The rapid time-variation of a fading multipath environment can impair the performance of multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO OFDM). This paper proposes a pilot placement method for MIMO OFDM systems under time-varying channels with the guard band. The time-varying channel is described by complex exponential basis expansion model (BEM). We discuss the ...

Ion channels control ion fluxes across membranes, membrane potential, and signal transduction between and within cells. Protein kinases and phosphatases are important regulators involved in stimulus-response coupling in eukaryotic organisms. We have identified in extracts of Vicia faba leaf cells protein phosphatase activities inhibited by okadaic acid (OA) and calyculin A (CA), two inhibitors ...

We propose an adaptive pulse-shaped orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme where the overhead and active sub-channels are adapted to jointly maximize capacity and fulfill the notching mask for coexistence with other devices operating in the same spectrum. The overhead includes the guard interval to partly compensate the channel dispersion, and the roll-off factor used by the s...

We propose a decentralized access control scheme for interference management in D2D (device-to-device) underlaid cellular networks. Our method combines SIR-aware link activation with cellular exclusion regions in a case where D2D links opportunistically access the licensed cellular spectrum. Analytical expressions and tight approximations for the coverage probabilities of cellular and D2D links...

Ca(2+) is a ubiquitous second messenger in the signal transduction pathway(s) by which stomatal guard cells respond to external stimuli. Increases in guard-cell cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](cyt)) have been observed in response to stimuli that cause both stomatal opening and closure. In addition, several important components of Ca(2+)-based signalling pathways have been identifi...

Cytosolic calcium increases were analyzed in guard cells of the Arabidopsis farnesyltransferase deletion mutant era1-2 (enhanced response to abscisic acid). At low abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations (0.1 microM), increases of guard cell cytosolic calcium and stomatal closure were activated to a greater extent in the era1-2 mutant compared with the wild type. Patch clamping of era1-2 guard cells...