The atmosphere of the Sun is highly structured and dynamic in nature. From the photosphere and chromosphere into the transition region and the corona plasma-β changes from above to below one, i.e. while in the lower atmosphere the energy density of the plasma dominates, in the upper atmosphere the magnetic field plays the governing role — one might speak of a " magnetic transition ". Therefore ...

When a person stands between a projector and a display surface a shadow occurs. We show a method to perform shadow removal using camera-based object tracking and a three-dimensional model of a room, which includes cameras, projectors, and flat surfaces. For tracking people, although we use cameras, other methods would work. To obtain the model, we adapted and use existing geometric calibration ...

The concept of spacetime has long been used in physics to refer to models that integrate 3D space and time as a single 4D continuum. We argue in this paper that it is also advantageous to use this concept in a practical geographic context by realizing a true 4D model, where time is modeled and implemented as a dimension in the same manner as the three spatial dimensions. Within this paper we fo...

This paper presents a novel modeling interface and method that uses two-dimensional (2D) data. In general, 2D computer graphics are most commonly used to depict 2D structures. However, many computer games often depict three-dimensional (3D) structures using 2D computer graphics. We define such an expression as an overhead view. Although an overhead view has no 3D structure, we can perceive an a...

Objective: Detection and evaluation of adrenal glands are complex problems in conventional ultrasonography in dogs. Using three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography (US) in adrenal gland volume evaluation can add new potential for further adrenal studies. Design: Descriptive study Animals: a total of 10 mix breed dogs Procedures: The dogs underwent two dimensional (2D) and 3D US of the adrenal g...

introduction: excessive temperature rise during drilling of the mandible for dental implant placement might damage adjacent osseous tissues. various factors affect temperature rise, including the geometrical parameters of surgical drills, one of which is the drill bit head angle. the aim of this research was to determine suitable drill bit head angle to induce minimum temperature rise during ma...

This paper proposes a method of geometric modeling of features extracted from 3D face and presents some of its applications. It describes a new automatic pose and expression invariant feature extraction algorithms to extract features (control points) from eyebrows, nose and lips of 3D facial data. The proposed algorithms are tested on BU-3DFE (Binghamton University 3D Facial Expression) Databas...

The objective of this study was to compare the volume three-dimensional (3D) models generated by different scanners and computational modeling protocols. Eight dry mandibles were scanned five computed tomography (CT) a 3D-scanner. Three-dimensional generated, received surface treatment processes, final 3D compared. results show that there no significant difference among CT techniques, however, ...

this study was conducted to determine the use of three-dimensional ultrasonography (3du) in ocular imaging of the dog and measuring of its optical axis. 12 healthy mixed-breed dogs including 6 males and 6 females were studied. 3du of the eyes were done using a 5–12 mhz linear trapezoid transducer. 3du of the eyes were evaluated and the normal optical long axis through a line between the cornea ...