two main goals are being pursued in this paper. first, a brief summary of the structural optimization methods is presented. although most of these methods are general and are used in analysis and design of skeletal as well as continuous structures, discussion is more often directed towards the shape optimization .the second second goal of this paper is to present a new method for sensitivity an...

Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), based on regional and multicultural cooperation, has focused on the improvement of living standards, collective as well as individual prosperity of people and economic development of member’s states. Since February 1992 ECO has been expanded to ten as the result of collapse of the Soviet Union. Of course, gas and oil are very important factors in this re...

As yet games have not achieved the engagement factor seen in the movie industry, the holy grail for any games designer is to engage, excite and attract their players without running into the downside of addiction. There are two major factors to achieving this goal that need to be considered: Does the player “Believe” the game The emotional “roller-coaster” ride experienced by the player If thes...

events in the building industry in nigeria in the last decade show the important role the private sector played in housingfinance. with the advent of the public-private partnership concept in almost every sector of the socio-economic spheresof the nation, the role of the private sector in housing finance cannot be over-emphasized. this paper clearly states thatthe low-income public servants do ...