there are limited documents about hiv patients switched to second-line antiretroviral therapy (art) in resource-limited countries. we aimed to assess the efficacy of second-line art for hiv patients following first-line art failure. this was a cohort study of hiv/aids patients with first-line art treatment failure switched to second-line art between january 2004 and march 2014, who followed for...

abstract victoria d. alexander, contemporary sociologist, presented her “modified cultural diamond” in completing and criticizing two approaches of reflect and forming and emphasizes key role of art world’s distributors.reflect approach is based on this fact that art always narrates from society and forming approach covering eide range of theories. their common is the idea that art having influ...

aesthetics, nowadays, is regarded as a branch of philosophy which studies  beauty and art. this research is about aesthetics from mulla sadra's viewpoint. in the works of this philosopher, beauty in general means  possessing all the good properties. the special definition of beauty, which includes only sensible objects, is possessing the factors of order, good combination, moderation, and ...

painted rocks may be considered the oldest manifestation of art in human society. the history of this art is estimated to be more than 30 thousand years. this art has also a long history in iran. this article introduces one of these rock art sites i.e. ghalat niloo which is located in kazeroon county, south-east of ghalat niloo village. the purpose of this study is to identify and determine th...

the aim of this study was a sociological analysis of nima’s barf poem, based on shariati’s viewpoints in art by emphasise on sorrow concept. shariati has a critical-utopian approach bout art-society relation. he believes that this approach is available in modern art. his definition of modern art, like to adorno, has an allusion to harbinger art movement in 20 century beginning.  although sharia...

Background: In many countries, 1% to 3% of newborn infants are conceived by Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART). Despite the success of ART, there is concern about the risk of congenital malformations among these infants. We report our experience to determine whether use of ART is associated with an increase in major congenital malformations or adverse pregnancy outcomes Materials and Method...

The paper first discusses early work that predated internet art and that was concerned with active audience participation in electronic art and describes the path of development of the first author’s artworks that have looked at human to human communication through electronic (computer) systems from 1970 until today. The fundamental concept has been to make artworks that explore human communica...

background: the field of infertility medicine has witnessed a surge of scientific developments in recent years, but research on public attitudes towards infertility treatments has remained minimal. this study examined the social and demographic factors that affect women’s attitudes towards assisted reproductive technology (art) in general, as well as their opinions of specific issues related to...