Despite recent advances, fundamental knowledge of the properties, thermodynamics and kinetics mesoscale clusters, their role in nucleation, is still limited.

abstractbackground and objectives:the phosphorus is second limiting nutrient in soil for crop production after nitrogen. mobility and availability of phosphorus (p) in soils is affected by phosphorus desorption characteristics. information about the effect of organic matter on kinetics and thermodynamics of p desorption in calcareous soils of east azerbaijan province is limited. the objective o...

We study thermodynamics and geometrothermodynamics of a particular black hole configuration with nonlinear source. use the mass as fundamental equation, from which it follows that curvature radius must be considered thermodynamic variable, leading to an extended equilibrium space. Using formalism geometrothermodynamics, we show geometric properties space can used obtain information about intera...

Black holes were found to possess properties that mirror ordinary thermodynamical systems in the landmark paper by Bardeen, Carter and Hawking almost half a century ago. Since then much progress has been made, but many fundamental issues remain. For example, what are underlying degrees of freedom black hole horizon give rise said properties? Furthermore, classical also harbor spacetime singular...

Gauge/string duality is a potentially important framework for addressing the properties of the strongly coupled quark gluon plasma produced at RHIC. However, constructing an actual string theory dual to QCD has so far proven elusive. In this paper, we take a partial step towards exploring the QCD plasma by investigating the thermodynamics of a non-conformal system, namely the N = 2 theory, whic...

Local Shannon entropy lies at the heart of modern thermodynamics, with much discussion of trajectory-dependent entropy production. When taken at both boundaries of a process in phase space, it reproduces the second law of thermodynamics over a finite time interval for small scale systems. However, given that entropy is an ensemble property, it has never been clear how one can assign such a quan...

Human defensins are innate immune defense peptides with a remarkably broad repertoire of anti-pathogen activities. In addition to modulating immune response, inflammation, and angiogenesis, disintegrating bacterial membranes, and inactivating bacterial toxins, defensins are known to intercept various viruses at different stages of their life cycles, while remaining relatively benign towards hum...

In the present review, aerogels designate dried gels with a very high relative pore volume. These are versatile materials that are synthesized in a first step by low-temperature traditional sol-gel chemistry. However, while in the final step most wet gels are often dried by evaporation to produce so-called xerogels, aerogels are dried by other techniques, essentially supercritical drying. As a ...

Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide that is found in many organisms but not in mammals. This sugar plays important roles in cryptobiosis of selaginella mosses, tardigrades (water bears), and other animals which revive with water from a state of suspended animation induced by desiccation. The interesting properties of trehalose are due to its unique symmetrical low-energy structure, wherein...

Thermodynamics of the precipitation calcium phosphates shows importance pH and order introduction precursor ions on textural (morphology, surface area) structural (defects) properties hydroxyapatites.