Commercially pure titanium (cpTi) was etched using three concentrated acids: 18% HCl, 43% H3PO4, and 48% H2SO4. The bond strengths between five types of veneering composite resin and eight cpTi treatments (involving combinations of sandblasting, acid etching in 48% H2SO4, and vacuum firing) were determined before and after 10,000 and 20,000 thermal cycles. There were no significant differences ...

Window performance in buildings is very important for energy saving. Many efforts have been made towards saving energy in buildings, and research has focused attention on enhancing the thermal performance of windows. Vacuum glazing has attracted much interest as a means of enhancing the thermal performance of windows by strengthening insulation performance. However, the performance of vacuum gl...

The thermal performance of a solar system composed of parallel, all-glass (double skin) vacuum tubes has been investigated by using a three-dimensional analytical model. Each vacuum tube is equipped with a coaxial fluid conduit for water to flow through and collect the sun's thermal energy. The space between the exterior of the fluid conduit and the glass tube is filled with antifreeze solution...

Laser ablation of Nickel, Copper, Molybdenum, Indium, Tungsten and Gold by short ultraviolet laser pulses (0.5 ps, 248 nm) in vacuum is reported for the first time. For Nickel and Indium, ablation is also studied in air to demonstrate the influence of the ambient atmosphere. Metal ablation in air is significantly less efficient than in vacuum due to redeposition of ablated material. The ablatio...

Canonical quantization of local field theories in classical black hole spacetimes with a single horizon leads to a particle number density with a thermal distribution in equilibrium at the Hawking temperature. A complete treatment including non-local quantum gravity effects has shown however that the full " thermal vacuum " of the theory is the false vacuum. In this work, we find the true vacuu...

Introduction: The thermal conductivity of powdered media is characteristically very low in vacuum, and is effectively dependent on many parameters of their constituent particles and packing structure. Understanding of the heat transfer mechanism within powder layers in vacuum and theoretical modeling of their thermal conductivity are of great importance for several scientific and engineering pr...

[1] In a series of laboratory experiments, we measure thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, and heat capacity of icy regolith created by vapor deposition of water below its triple point and in a low pressure atmosphere. We find that an ice-regolith mixture prepared in this manner, which may be common on Mars, and potentially also present on the Moon, Mercury, comets and other bodies, has a...

Introduction: Interior heat flow provides essential constraints on the thermal and chemical evolution of planetary bodies. On the moon, heat flow instrument designs typically have to reach depths below the annual solar thermal wave for the Moon (2-3 m), or alternatively methods must be applied to be able to decouple the influence of the relatively large temperature gradients associated with the...

Antennas are devices for transmitting and/or receiving signals which make them a necessary component of any wireless system. In this paper, a thermal deposition technique is utilized as a method to fabricate antenna structures on substrates. Thin-film deposition is achieved by evaporating a source material (metals in our case) in a vacuum which allows vapor particles to travel directly to the t...

Currently favoured extensions of the Standard Model typically contain ` aton elds' de ned as elds with large vacuum expectation values (vevs) and almost at potentials. If a aton eld is trapped at the origin in the early universe, one expects `thermal in ation' to take place before it rolls away to the true vacuum, because the nite-temperature correction to the potential will hold it at the orig...