Particle filter methods based on color distribution can be used to track non-rigid moving objects in color videos. They are robust in case of noise or partial occlusions. However, using particle filters on color videos is sensitive to changes in the lighting conditions of the scene. The use of thermal infrared image sequences can help the tracking process, as thermal infrared imagery is not sen...

Street lighting can contribute significantly to the visual environment of a historic downtown. Lighting technologies used in modern street lighting systems are very different from those used in street lighting a century ago. The present paper compares the lamps, luminaires and design approaches used for street lighting when it was first introduced to those of the present day. Also provided are ...

3-D integration of conventional massively parallel processors is challenging due to high temperatures and hotspots. An Associative Processor (AP) is a viable candidate for such applications as it exhibits close to uniform thermal distribution with lower temperatures and fewer hot spots. Performance and thermal analysis supported by simulation confirm that associative processing enables 3-D inte...

This work presents a methodology for optimizing the layout and geometry of an m× n high power (HP) light emitting diode (LED) luminaire. Two simulators are used to analyze an LED luminaire model. The first simulator uses the finite element method (FEM) to analyze the thermal dissipation, and the second simulator uses the ray tracing method for lighting analysis. The thermal and lighting analysi...

Recent developments in photovoltaic components, small-scale combined heat and power systems and ducted wind turbines have opened up the possibility for an embedded generation approach to building design. In conjunction with demand reduction measures, embedded generation encourages a new design paradigm based on matching local supply to demand. For building simulation programs to offer effective...

In the field of aircraft design, interior illumination increasingly becomes an important design element. Different illumination scenarios inside an aircraft cabin are considered to influence the mood of air passengers, help passengers to be better prepared for time lags and to create an overall positive environment. Consequently, a physically correct and realistic lighting simulation becomes es...

Technical note: application of α-QSS to the numerical integration of kinetic equations in tropospheric chemistry F. Liu, E. Schaller, and D. R. Mott Department of Environmental Meteorology, BTU Cottbus, Germany Laboratory for Computational Physics and Fluid Dynamics, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5320, USA Received: 9 May 2005 – Accepted: 6 July 2005 – Published: 18 August 200...

A wide range of events in buildings occur at sub-hourly frequencies. Notable examples include daylight-sensing control and manual adjustment of blinds and lights in response to sub-hourly illuminance variations. Such short-term changes can produce notable shifts in instantaneous solar and equipment loads, in turn affecting electrical energy demand. Although sub-hourly time discretization is cur...

Abstract—Demand of energy is increasing faster than the generation. It leads shortage of power in all sectors of society. At peak hours this shortage is higher. Unless we utilize energy efficient technology, it is very difficult to minimize the shortage of energy. So energy efficiency program and energy conservation has an important role. Energy efficient technologies are cost intensive hence i...

Based on both subjective and objective data, a study was carried out in order to identify differences in the perception of thermal comfort of office workers in naturally ventilated and air-conditioned buildings. The analysis of the interviews shows that occupants of naturally ventilated office buildings are significantly more satisfied with their thermal environment than occupants in air-condit...