Suspensions of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis spores were exposed to conventional thermal and microwave energy at 2,450 MHz. The degrees of inactivation by the different energy sources were compared quantitatively. During the transient heating period by microwave energy, approximately a 6 log cycle reduction in viability was encountered for E. coli. This reduction was nearly identical t...

Problems of adherence of thermal protective coatings to aerospace structures have become important with their use on vehicles such as the space shuttle and for jet engine turbine blades. In these structures a dielectric coating which acts as a thermal barrier. is bonded to a conductive substrate. Failure of these coatings to adhere to the substrate can result in catastrophic failure of the vehi...

Transformation thermodynamics, as one of the important branches among the extensions of transformation optics, has attracted plentiful attentions and interests recently. The result of transformation thermodynamics, or called as "thermal cloak", can realize isothermal region and hide objects from heat. In this paper, we presented the concept of "reverse thermal cloak" to correspond to the therma...

A number of heating sources are available for minimally invasive thermal therapy of tumours. The purpose of this work was to compare, theoretically, the heating characteristics of interstitial microwave, laser and ultrasound sources in three tissue sites: breast, brain and liver. Using a numerical method, the heating patterns, temperature profiles and expected volumes of thermal damage were cal...

[1] Strike-slip motion is predicted to be a consequence of diurnal tidal stresses in most satellites of the outer solar system. Such motion can lead to near-surface heating through friction or viscous dissipation. Here we discuss the effect of near-surface shear heating on convection in the underlying ice shells of icy satellites. We present models of convection in spherical shells including ti...

Nanoparticles are being extensively researched as a noninvasive method for selectively targeting and killing cancer cells. We present a method for modeling the thermal activation of a gold nanoparticle and the thermal response of its surrounding medium under single and multi-pulse excitation. It is found that the effective heating range of a nanoparticle is determined by both shape (sphere vs. ...

The microstructural analysis of Thermal Barrier Coatings, deposited according to the Air Plasma Spray technology, furnishes information according which a strong orthotropic thermal conductivity is expected to be measured for such a material. Pulsed experiment with a localized heating source and thermographic temperature recording, permit to evaluate both the in-depth and in-plane components of ...

Microparticle and microfiber induced near-field laser heating has been widely used in surface nanostructuring. Information about the temperature and stress fields in the nanoscale near-field heating region is imperative for process control and optimization. Probing of this nanoscale temperature, stress, and optical fields remains a great challenge since the heating area is very small (~100 nm o...

A new model for cooling flows in X-ray clusters, capable of naturally explaining salient features observed, is proposed. The only requirement is that a significant relativistic component, in the form of cosmic rays (CR), be present in the intra-cluster medium and significantly frozen to the thermal gas. Such an addition qualitatively alters the conventional isobaric thermal instability criterio...