Medical professionalism has become a core topic in medical education. As it has been considered mostly from a Western perspective, there is a need to examine how the same or similar concepts are reflected in a wider range of cultural contexts. To gain insights into medical professionalism concepts in Japanese culture, the authors compare the tenets of a frequently referenced Western guide to pr...

Th e scholarship on policy diff usion in political science and public administration is extensive. Th is article provides an introduction to that literature for scholars, students, and practitioners. It off ers seven lessons derived from that literature, built from numerous empirical studies and applied to contemporary policy debates. Based on these seven lessons, the authors off er guidance to...

“reading of the holy quran” is among quranic sciences which is rooted in the oldest writings of quranic scholars, and is a science based on narration. comprehensive consideration of multiple classifications of kinds of quranic readings has always been a matter of debate among scholars. multiplicity as well as difference of theories in this connection makes attainment of an appropriate and compr...

the analyzing methods of texts and their rendering are diverse and wide spread. this diversity spreads according to the renderers’ approach and viewpoint to premises and intellectual ‚ scientific and literary issues and to the extent of their  skill and knowledge in their specialized learning's . therefore they survey there issues from their viewpoints and trainings from this aspect we gra...

Recently, scholars have called for a focus on subjective aspects of risk management as suitable lens understanding how it functions. In line with this lens, study focuses project actors’ viewpoints in the context construction projects to provide novel insights management. Drawing Renn's model and following Q methodology, we identify four approaches among asset managers working at Dutch Schiphol...

justice is a fundamental concept in islam. numerous thinkers have reflected upon it. the present article aims to study the meaning of justice from the perspective of al-farabi and ibn khaldun by a qualitative content analysis-based literature review, and in the end, assess their strategies of confronting injustice. it is worth noting that al-farabi and ibn khaldun belong to different historical...