We provide an inventory of existing forms of transparency in CDS markets and discuss methods that may be used to increase transparency as well as their benefits and costs. In particular, we attempt to identify to whom such benefits and costs accrue (broker-dealers, end users, etc). We argue that increased market transparency has a cost, which must be weighed against its benefits in terms of mar...

Patients that access their health records take more care of their health and, when in therapy, commit more seriously to improve their condition. This leads to a more effective and more efficient healthcare management, and is also in agreement with European directives on data protection. However, accessing medical data can be risky. Security should be assured and it should be evident to the pati...

Citizens are demanding greater transparency and accountability from their governments, and seek to participate in shaping the policies that affect their lives. The diffusion of the Internet has raised expectations that electronic tools may increase citizen participation in government decision-making and stop the decline of trust in political institutions. This paper brings together two relevant...

Transparency is a novel non-functional requirement for software systems. It is acclaimed to improve the quality of service since it gives users access to information concerning the system’s processes, clarifying who is responsible if something goes wrong. Thus, it is believed to support people’s right to a secure and private processing of their personal data. We define eight quality metrics for...

Background & Aims: Amniotic membrane persists for a long time after ocular transplantation (as corneal substitute) and can affect light transmission (transparency). The aim of this study was to evaluate the transparency of amniotic membrane after freeze-drying (lyophilization) and to compare the results with transparency of rabbit cornea. Methods: Transparency of rabbits’ corneas and fresh and ...

Transparency is an important precondition for the users’ control over their privacy. It can increase the users’ trust in accurate and secure processing of their personal data. This paper presents concepts and implementations of different transparency tools, which are employed in a user-controlled identity management system of the project PRIME – Privacy and Identity Management for Europe. A foc...