We consider the problem of using simulation to efficiently estimate the win probabilities for participants in a general random knockout tournament. Both of our proposed estimators, one based on the notion of “observed survivals” and the other based on conditional expectation and post-stratification, are highly effective in terms of variance reduction when compared to the raw simulation estimato...

Environmental Health Perspectives • volume 120 | number 10 | October 2012 A 383 As Morfeld noted in his letter, adjustment for the healthy worker survivor effect is complex. We do not claim that adjustment using employment duration completely adjusts for a healthy worker survivor effect, but our results provided evidence that it is present in this cohort and should be addressed. The authors dec...