The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Ni and Hg were determined in gill, liver and muscle of Barbus xanthopterus in down streams of Karoon and Dez Rivers during summer 2009. Heavy metal concentrations varied significantly, depending on the types of the tissue in fish species. The levels of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Ni and Hg in the Barbus xanthopterus of Karoon River were higher than in Barbus xant...

Combinatorial chemistry has risen to prominence as the pharmaceutical development strategy of choice in less than twenty years. In that time the combinatorial library has emerged as a central artifact. Libraries grew from random collections of a hundred molecules into immense arrays of hundreds of thousands of molecules. The definition of a “good” library has changed, from a large, maximally di...

Flow variability plays an important role in structuring lotic communities, yet comparatively little is known about processes governing assemblage dynamics in stream ecosystems with stable environmental conditions, such as spring-fed rivers. Volcanic spring-fed rivers (hereafter spring-fed rivers) occur in geologically active landscapes of the western USA and around the globe. We sampled inverte...

The articles [3], [1], [4], and [2] provide the notation and terminology for this paper. In this paper x, y, X , Y are sets. We introduce G-net structures which are extensions of 1-sorted structure and are systems 〈 a carrier, an entrance, an escape 〉, where the carrier is a set and the entrance and the escape are binary relations. Let N be a 1-sorted structure. The functor echaos(N) yields a s...