Fish skin mucus contains several immune substances that provide the first line of defence against a broad spectrum of pathogens although they are poorly studied to date. Terminal carbohydrate composition and levels of total IgM antibodies, several immune-related enzymes (lysozyme, peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, esterases, proteases and antiproteases) as well as the bactericidal activity (aga...

In this study, attempts were made to isolate Streptomyces sp. from soil samples of two different regions of Bangladesh and evaluate their antagonistic activity against fish and human pathogenic bacteria. A total of 10 isolates were identified as Streptomyces sp. based on several morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. Cross streak method was used to observe the antagonistic activity...

background: aeromonas species are gram-negative ubiquitous bacteria, facultative anaerobic rods that infect both invertebrates and vertebrates. various fish species develop hemorrhagic disease and furunculosis due to aeromonas spp. aeromonas strains generate certain active compounds such as siderophores, which are the final products of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) activity. the prese...

conclusions therefore, development of rapid diagnostic methods with suitable sensitivity and specificity is very important about this infectious disease. in this review, we will discuss some of the important diagnostic methods. context diarrhea is a common disease across the world. according to who, every year about two billion cases of diarrhea are reported in the world. it occurs mainly in th...

The increasing problem of antibiotic resistance in common pathogenic bacteria and the concern about the spreading of antibiotics in the environment bring the need to find new methods to control fish pathogens. Phage therapy represents a potential alternative to antibiotics, but its use in aquaculture requires a detailed understanding of bacterial communities, namely of fish pathogenic bacteria....

conclusions the results showed that some patients were probably contaminated with nonbacterial and nonparasitic agents. all the parasitic isolates were resistant to most antibiotics. therefore determination of microbial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility is necessary before treatment procedures. results of 2376 patients, 466 (19.6%) were contaminated with pathogenic bacteria or protozoa.the...

The effects of dietary supplementation of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on the growth and disease resistance of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus was evaluated. Also in-vitro evaluation of susceptibility of fish-borne multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria to aqueous extract of garlic was done. Aqueous garlic extract exhibited inhibitory activity against MDR bacteria and the degree o...