Abstract The second-century philosopher Celsus disparaged Christians who “alter the original text of Gospel three or four many times” ( Cels. 2.27). Scholars have understood this passage as a critique multiple distinct Gospels, but Celsus’ invective is better explained by comparison with elite polemics (e.g., Gellius, Lucian, Galen) against readers lack discernment and arbitrarily alter manuscr...

This article explores the narrative relationship between three key figures in the Gospel of John: Jesus, Judas, and Peter. As these characters interact, patterns of contrast gradually emerge. A literary "character" is the sum of "external signs" presented by a text that "correspond to and reveal an otherwise hidden inner nature." Literary characters are therefore complexes of personal traits th...

Obviously, removing the supernatural from the Bible touches the foundation facts of the Christian faith: the incarnation and. resurrection of Christ. And it is interesting to observe that even scholars who engage in the demythologizing ‘process take issue with one another over their treatment of these, crucial matters. Yet the dilemma seems to be that if one does not retain the incarnation and ...

In recent years, some people, comparing the word “Ahmad” in a Quranic verse speaking of Jesus’ prophecy about Prophet Muhammad (Qur'an 61:6) with the word “Paraclete” in the Gospel of John (14:26, etc.), have tried to make a connection between them. They have ascribed to Muslims (and even to the Prophet himself) the idea that the word “Paraclete” is a distorted form of the word “periclete</...

These concepts challenge the way we treat addiction. If the relation between emotions and reason is as suggested, and if good emotions arise out of good relationships, this fundamentally challenges the way we as a Church speak and live out the Good News of the love of God in Christ towards all who are broken and in need of God’s love. I particularly ask the question whether dispassionate ration...

The abundance of ritual descriptions in the Gospel Mark suggests a discourse about between narrator and early audiences Gospel. prominence baptism at beginning (Mark 1:9–11) anointing end (16:1–8), recurrence themes introduced Jesus’s turning points (9:2–8; 10:38–39; 15:38–39) suggest broader ritual—and specifically baptismal—significance narrative. Recent changes helpfully differentiate narrat...

Several theologians unanimously accorded well with the notion that writer of Gospel Matthew was a pastoral theologian. Nevertheless, dimension 22:32 has not been subjected to much scrutiny. In text, Jesus celebrated tradition calling God as ‘God Fathers’. The revealed adapted approach, which is termed nostalgia in psychology. empirical psychology researches, utilising provides many positive ben...