In evaluating the efficiency of decision making units (DMUs) by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models, may be more than one DMU has an efficiency score equal to one. Since ranking of efficient DMUs is essential for decision makers, therefore, methods and models for this purpose are presented. One of ranking methods of efficient DMUs is cooperative game theory. In this study, Lee and Lozano mod...

Background & objective: Factors such as improved medical technology, resource allocation, increasing costs, the rights of individuals and the changing roles of nurses can result in ethical conflicts that demand the ability of nurses to recognize moral dilemmas and conflicts and to make appropriate ethical decisions. The aim of this article is to explain the concept of patient or nurse harm in t...

چکیده : نظام انتخاباتی قواعد و چار چوب های به رسمیت شناخته شده ای است که بیانگر چگونگی تبدیل آرای مردم به مناصب و پست های سیاسی است. این نظام انتخابات باید به گونه ای عمل کند که نتیجه آن فراهم شدن مکانیسم و ساز و کار مطلوب و مناسب برای برگزاری انتخابات سالم و رقابتی باشد. به نظر می رسد نظام انتخاباتی جمهوری اسلامی ایران دارای ضعف ها و نواقصی است که به سبب آن ها نمی توان انتخابات مطلوب را برگزا...

Introduction: The main purpose of this analysis was to provide an understanding of the professional prestige of nursing as a concept. Methods and Materials: Determining which nurses have professional prestige requires a clear definition and explanation of the different dimensions of this concept. Therefore, the current study was conducted with the aim of explaining the concept of professional ...

learning a second or foreign language requires the manipulation of four main skills, namely, listening, reading, speaking, and writing which lead to effective communication. it is obvious that vocabulary is an indispensible part of any communication, so without a vocabulary, no meaningful communication can take place and meaningful communication relies heavily on vocabulary. one fundamental fac...

testing plays a vital role in any language teaching program. it allows teachers and stakeholders, including program administrators, parents, admissions officers and prospective employers to be assured that the learners are progressing according to an accepted standard (douglas, 2010). the problems currently facing language testers have both practical and theoretical implications but the first i...

مقدمه: درعلم آمارسنتی همه پارامترها بوسیله مدلهای ریاضی ومشاهده های تجربی تعریف می شد. بعضی وقتها به نظر می رسد چنین فرضهایی برای مسائل زندگی روزمره سختگیرانه باشد.مخصوصا درصورتیکه ما با داده های زبان شناسی یا احتیاجاتی که صریح نباشند سرکارداشته باشیم. برای اینکه این مشکل را ازبین ببریم ازروش فازی استفاده می کنیم. تعریف مسئله: درمرحله اول از تحقیق درباره انواع مختلف از پدیده(زیستی-فنی-فیزیک...