The virulence of yersiniae varies according to (i) species and biotype and (ii) possession of a 67- to 72-kilobase virulence plasmid. Y. pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and biotypes 1B, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of Y. enterocolitica are inherently virulent but express full virulence only when in possession of a virulence plasmid. Other Yersinia species and biotypes 1A and 3B of Y. enterocolitica are seldom...

AIM To evaluate the prevalence of various gingival biotypes and to corroborate gingival thickness and gingival biotypes across tooth type, site, and gender. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted across systemically healthy subjects. A systematic clinical evaluation for gingival biotypes and gingival thicknesses was recorded by modified Iwanson's gauge, to the nearest 0.1...

Associations between microbes and animals are ubiquitous and hosts may benefit from harbouring microbial communities through improved resource exploitation or resistance to environmental stress. The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, is the host of heritable bacterial symbionts, including the obligate endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola and several facultative symbionts. While obligate symbionts supp...

Whiteßies, heteropterans in the family Aleyrodidae, are globally distributed and severe agricultural pests. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (mtCOI) sequence has been used extensively in whiteßy phylogenetic comparisons and in biotype identiÞcation of the agriculturally important Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) whiteßy. Because of the economic importance of several whiteßygenera, and the inv...

Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) biotypes, resistant to different herbicides, have been reported. An experiment was conducted to compare the growth characteristics of various barnyardgrass biotypes, (i.e., propanil-resistant from Poinsett County, Ark., quinclorac-resistant from Louisiana., quinclorac/propanil-resistant barnyardgrass from Craighead County, Ark., and susceptible barnyardgra...

Despite the presence of Culex (Cx.) pipiens mosquitoes and circulation of West Nile virus (WNV), WNV outbreaks have so far not occurred in northern Europe. The species Cx. pipiens consists of two morphologically identical biotypes, pipiens and molestus, which can form hybrids. Until now, population dynamic studies of Cx. pipiens have not differentiated between biotypes and hybrids at the Europe...

The isolation and characterization of Campylobacter species from camel was carried out in Sokoto state, Nigeria. A total of 504 faecal specimens from camels were analyzed for the presence of campylobacter species by standard culture techniques. Isolates were characterized by conventional phenotypic tests and confirmed by latex agglutination. The thermophilic Campylobacter species (C. jejuni, C....

The occurence of multiple biotypes of Klebsiella pneumoniae within single specimens was determined in 59 clinical specimens. Biotyping was performed on five colonies of K. pneumoniae from each specimen, using the API 20E system (Analytab, Inc., New York) for identification of Enterobacteriaceae with strict adherence to the manufacturer's instructions. Multiple biotypes of K. pneumoniae were pre...

The biotyping scheme of Baird-Parker was applied to cultures of Staphylococcus epidermidis from patients. In all, 63.6% of 228 cultures belonged to biotype 1, followed by biotypes 4, 3, and 2 in decreasing order of incidence. When classified according to clinical source of isolation, cultures of S. epidermidis were most frequently isolated from urine, with 39.5% of 228 cultures from this source...