OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antiviral activity, safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of short-term monotherapy with tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), a next-generation tenofovir (TFV) prodrug. DESIGN A phase 1b, randomized, partially blinded, active- and placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study. METHODS Treatment-naive and experienced HIV-1-positive adults currently off an...

Antiviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) through daily drug administration can protect healthy individuals from HIV-1 infection. While PrEP was recently approved by the FDA, the potential long-term consequences of PrEP implementation remain entirely unclear. The aim of this study is to predict the efficacy of different prophylactic strategies with the pro-drug tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate (TD...

BACKGROUND Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is key component of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV, but existing tools to monitor drug adherence are often inaccurate. Detection of tenofovir (TFV) in accessible biological samples, such as fingerprick blood, urine or oral fluid samples could be a novel objective measure of recent TDF adherence. To measure ...

BACKGROUND The use of drug combinations has revolutionized the treatment of HIV but there is no equivalent combination product that exists for prevention, particularly for topical HIV prevention. Strategies to combine chemically incompatible agents may facilitate the discovery of unique drug-drug activities, particularly unexplored combination drug synergy. We fabricated two types of nanopartic...

We present a patient with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-induced Fanconi syndrome, osteomalacia and concurrent nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitor related CD4 cell decline. Sequentially measured intracellular (ic) tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP) levels were extremely high, with plasma TFV just slightly elevated. In June 2008 a 53-year-old Caucasian male complained of severe pain i...

BACKGROUND Electrospun drug-eluting fabrics have enormous potential for the delivery of physicochemically diverse drugs in combination by controlling the underlying material chemistry and fabric microarchitecture. However, the rationale for formulating drugs at high drug loading in the same or separate fibers is unknown but has important implications for product development and clinical applica...

BACKGROUND This study estimated the number of daily tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) doses required to achieve and maintain (after discontinuation) intracellular drug concentrations that protect against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection for men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS Tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cel...

Many children with recurrent wheezing in early childhood develop asthma. Objective parameters to describe different groups of wheezers are limited, but tidal flow volume (TFV) response to inhaled salbutamol has demonstrated differences between children with and without asthma. Also, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) has been associated with declining lung function in older children. We therefor...

In the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era, prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remains high, 36.2-44.8%, contributing to morbidity and mortality. Suboptimal control of HIV in the central nervous system (CNS) likely plays a role in this phenomenon, as supported by elevated neopterin and detectable HIV-1 RNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients on long-term...