BACKGROUND Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a common childhood disorder that is characterized by the abnormal movement of urine from the bladder into the ureters or kidneys. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine whether the genetic polymorphisms of the IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α genes are involved in the development of VUR. PATIENTS AND METHODS The tetra amplification mutation refrac...

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is associated with inflammatory diseases, but its connection Cryptosporidium in Holstein calves remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) IL-6 on resistance and susceptibility prepare a phylogenetictree order show relation between species. Seventy-two samples were studied from healthy infected genotyped using tetra...

Human Norovirus is the leading cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis in children worldwide, and research into it critical for outbreak prevention infection control. The multiplex real time PCR technique was evaluated this study using 100 specimens (stool blood) collected from Al-Muthanna province. RT-Qpcr NVGI NVGII used to test all samples Norovirus. overall incidence rate human 26%, with fir...

The title adduct, [K(C30H24F12I3NO6)]I, gives an extended tape of cations linked through I⋯I(-) halogen bonds (XBs), two of them being quite short and one quite long. In the structure, the cation is hosted in a cavity formed by the arms of the podand which presents a closed conformation wherein two tetra-fluoro-iodo-benzene rings are near parallel [dihedral angle = 15.8 (4)°; centroid-centroid ...

Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping is widely used in genetic association studies to characterize genetic factors underlying inherited traits. Despite many recent advances in high-throughput SNP genotyping, inexpensive and flexible methods with reasonable throughput levels are still needed. Real-time PCR methods for discovering and genotyping SNPs are becoming increasingly important...

We report electrochemical studies, spectroscopy, and electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of four monodisperse star-shaped truxene core-oligofluorene compounds (T1-T4). All oligomers produced stable radical anions and radical cations and showed blue ECL by ion annihilation with an intensity that could be seen with the naked eye. ECL spectra showed that all ECL emissions were at the same pos...

The title compound, C12H20N2S4, synthesized by the reaction of 2,3,5,6-tetra-kis-(bromo-meth-yl)pyrazine with sodium methane-thiol-ate, crystallizes with a half -mol-ecule in the asymmetric unit. The whole mol-ecule is generated by inversion symmetry; the inversion centre being located in the centre of the pyrazine ring. The mol-ecule has an S-shaped conformation with two (methyl-sulfan-yl)meth...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a worldwide epidemic disorder with considerable health and economic consequences. Metformin is one of the most commonly prescribed oral antidiabetic drugs. Pharmacogenetic studies showed that variants in genes related to the pharmacokinetics of metformin were associated with glucose-lowering effect of metformin. The aim of this study was to evaluate pharmacogenetic v...