The paper explores the issues of active legitimacy to be a party in administrative dispute proceedings and representation protection parties’ rights before Administrative Court, established as court special jurisdiction by Act on Seats Areas Courts Public Prosecutor's Offices which entered into force January 2010. author first examines who can plaintiff, defendant, interested person an dispute,...

This paper designs and implements an empirical test to discern whether the parties to a contract are able to commit not to renegotiate their agreement. We study optimal contracts with and without commitment and derive an exclusion restriction that is useful to identify the relevant commitment scenario. The empirical analysis takes advantage of a data set on Spanish soccer player contracts. Our ...

Face à des crises mondiales et problématiques complexes, les administrations publiques ont dû s’adapter réalités accélérer améliorer leur action réglementaire s’employer mobiliser autres parties prenantes autour de cette action. En effet, pour la conception qualité textes, il est important permettre aux entreprises, particuliers population jouer un rôle dans formulation, réforme remise en cause.

Duverger’s law holds that single member district rules produce two-party systems, but third party voting remains an important feature of these institutional contexts. To explain the discrepancy between theory and empirical reality, Gary Cox specified four conditions are necessary for theoretical expectations to bear out. Yet, subsequent research has focused mostly on just one conditions, namely...