Ecosystem level indicators are emerging as important pillars of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework Convention on Biological Diversity; at same time, IUCN Red List Ecosystems (RLEs) is experiencing rapid uptake. We applied a systematic RLE assessment to 456 terrestrial ecosystems in South Africa between 2017 and 2021. What sets apart this endeavour that an independently formulated ecosy...

1. Landscape ecology deals with the influence of spatial pattern on ecological processes. It considers the ecological consequences of where things are located in space, where they are relative to other things, and how these relationships and their consequences are contingent on the characteristics of the surrounding landscape mosaic at multiple scales in time and space. Traditionally, landscape...

The Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) investigation will create global maps of spectral surface reflectance emissivity at a cadence 16 days or better, with coverage to address questions about Earth's geology, cryosphere ecosystems. revolutionary potential poses commensurate challenge: creating contiguous free from regional biases induced by atmosphere, observation geometry, inversion error. Thi...