The antiretroviral agent, tenofovir, formulated as a vaginal microbicide gel, reduces human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition by 39% in women. This study assessed the role of preexisting immune activation in HIV acquisition in women from the CAPRISA 004 trial, to identify potential strategies to increase the effectiveness of tenofovir gel. Systemic cytokine and cellular immune mediators ...

BACKGROUND Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) trials using tenofovir-based regimens have demonstrated that high levels of adherence are required to evaluate efficacy; the incorporation of objective biomarkers of adherence in trial design has been essential to interpretation, given the inaccuracy of self-report. Antiretroviral measurements in scalp hair have been useful as a marker of long-term exp...

OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness and renal safety of treatment with tenofovir versus entecavir in patients with chronic hepatitis-B. METHODS Retrospective study in hepatitis-B patients who initiated treatment with tenofovir or entecavir since January 1998 until 2013. The primary effectiveness variable was defined as viral DNA < 20 UI/ml (HBV-DNA) and the variable for renal safety was va...

There are few clinical data on the combination abacavir/lamivudine plus raltegravir. We compared the outcomes of patients from the SPIRAL trial receiving either abacavir/lamivudine or tenofovir/emtricitabine at baseline who had taken at least one dose of either raltegravir or ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors. For the purpose of this analysis, treatment failure was defined as virological fa...

Antiviral tenofovir monotherapy was used to determine whether drug-selected simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) variants replaced their wild-type progenitors at the same rate in different tissues of six rhesus macaques. The relative frequencies of drug-resistant and wild-type genotypes were measured longitudinally in blood and in 23 lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues collected at necropsy. The mu...

A simple, precise, rapid and accurate reverse phase HPLC method in isocratic mode has been developed for the estimation of Tenofovir disoproxil, Emtricitabine and Efavirenz in tablet dosage form. A Hypersil BDS C18, 250x4.6 mm, 5 μm partical size, with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.03 M KH2PO4 water (pH adjusted to 3.2 with orthophosphoric acid) in the ratio of 60:40 v/v was use...

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is a nucleotide analogue that is rapidly metabolized intracellularly to its active anabolite, tenofovir diphosphate, which is a competitive inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase; it terminates the elongation of the DNA chain. As the recommended oral dosage of tenofovir in adults is 300 mg given once daily, its use with other well-tolerated once-daily drugs rapid...

INTRODUCTION Tenofovir is a commonly used component of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to reduce vertical transmission of HIV. Although systematic review of tenofovir use in pregnancy concluded it to be low risk for foetal abnormalities (1), data is limited on its impact on renal function in pregnant women. A recent South African study (2) concluded that renal dysfunction in HIV-infected pregnant ...

BACKGROUND Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis reduces sexual transmission of HIV. We assessed whether daily oral use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (tenofovir), an antiretroviral, can reduce HIV transmission in injecting drug users. METHODS In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we enrolled volunteers from 17 drug-treatment clinics in Bangkok, Thailand. Participant...