In the present experiment we obtained the tensile properties of the human gastrocnemius tendon, a high-stressed tendon suitable for spring-like action during locomotion. Measurements were taken in vivo in six men. The gastrocnemius tendon elongation during tendon loading-unloading induced by muscle contraction-relaxation was measured using real-time ultrasonography. Tendon forces were calculate...

A neglected Achilles tendon rupture is often characterized by muscle weakness and an overlengthened repair by scar tissue. Reconstructive surgery is usually performed taking into account the patient's required level of function. Two surgical cases of neglected Achilles tendon rupture are presented in this article. In both instances it was expected that central fibrosis, possibly after neglected...

a new type of backbone robot is presented in this paper. the core idea is to use a cross shape mechanism with the principle of functioning of the scissors linkages, known as a pantograph. although this continuum arm acts quite similar to tendon-driven robot, this manipulator does not include any tendon in its structure. this design does not suffer from the weaknesses of the continuum design suc...

Delayed repair of the distal biceps brachii tendon can lead to the formation of scar tissue and coiling of the tendon. Dissection of the scar tissue and unraveling of the tendon may allow for anatomic repair to the radial tuberosity. A 50-year-old man had a distal biceps brachii tendon tear with an intact lacertus fibrosis. Surgery was performed 22 days after injury. On inspection, the distal b...

BACKGROUND Many techniques have been developed for the reconstruction of the Achilles tendon in chronic tears. In presence of a large gap (greater than 6 centimetres), tendon augmentation is required. METHODS We present our method of minimally invasive semitendinosus reconstruction for the Achilles tendon using one para-midline and one midline incision. RESULTS The first incision is a 5 cm ...

BACKGROUND There is a paucity of data regarding molecular markers that identify the phenotype of the tendon cell. This study aims to quantify gene expression markers that distinguish between tendon fibroblasts and other mesenchymal cells which may be used to investigate tenogenesis. METHODS Expression levels for 12 genes representative of musculoskeletal tissues, including the proposed tendon...

Sex differences exist with regards to ligament and tendon injuries. Lower collagen synthesis has been observed in exercising women vs. men, and in users of oral contraceptives (OC) vs. nonusers, but it is unknown if OC will influence tendon biomechanics of women undergoing regular training. Thirty female athletes (handball players, 18-30 yr) were recruited: 15 long-term users of OC (7.0 ± 0.6 y...

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BACKGROUND After ligament reconstruction, mechanical deterioration of the grafted tendon is observed with revascularization and cellular infiltration. However, the effect of cellular infiltration on the mechanical properties of the tendon matrix has not been fully understood. METHODS Cultured fibroblasts derived from the rabbit patellar tendon were seeded around an acellular rabbit patellar t...

BACKGROUND Children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) experience secondary musculoskeletal adaptations, affecting the mechanical and material properties of muscles and tendons. CP-related changes in the spastic muscle are well documented whilst less is known about the tendon. From a clinical perspective, it is important to understand alterations in tendon properties in order to tailor interventi...