mRNA synthesis from nonsegmented negative-strand RNA virus (NNV) genomes is unique in tht the genome RNA is embedded in an N protein assembly (the nucleocapsid) and the viral RNA polymerase does not dissociate from the template after release of each mRNA, but rather scans the genome RNA for the next gene-start site. A revised model for NNV RNA synthesis is presented, in which RNA polymerase sca...

In this work, we present a new approach to high level synthesis (HLS), where high level functions are first mapped to an architectural template, before hardware synthesis is performed. As FPGA platforms are especially suitable for implementing streaming processing pipelines, we perform transformations on conventional high level programs where they are turned into multi-stage dataflow engines. T...

With the ultimate aim of creating a knowledge based speech understanding system, we have set up a conceptual framework named NEBULA. In this paper we briefly describe some of the components of this framework and also report on some experiments where we use a production component for generating reference data for the recognition. The production component in the form of a speech synthesis system ...

Phonological theories commonly analyze speech utterances as composed of hierarchically organized units, such as features/gestures, segments, moras, and syllables, but it is not well understood why this hierarchical organization is observed. Moreover, current phonological theories and speech production models fail to explain cross-linguistic and developmental variation in the organization of uni...

We know that an audio speech signal can be unambiguously decoded by any native speaker of the language it is uttered in, provided that it meets some quality conditions. But we do not know if this is the case with visual speech, because the process of lipreading is rather mysterious and seems to rely heavily on the use of context and non-speech cues. How much information about the speech content...

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from turnip crinkle virus-infected turnip transcribes both strands of a virus-associated satellite RNA, sat-RNA C (356 bases), in vitro. While both plus- and minus-strand sat-RNA C can direct the synthesis of full-length complementary-strand products, transcription of minus-strand RNA also generates two non-template-sized products, L-RNA and S-RNA (C. Song and A. E....

This paper provides a discussion of selected results of a pilot study founding a tempo project. This project potentially determines the phonetic locations for altering the speech rate for English synthetic speech in order to replicate a proposed natural pattern of tempo modulations based upon phrasal foci. A male educated speaker read Canadian English sentences at 3 speech rates and with varied...

Crystallographic studies have implicated several residues of the p66 fingers subdomain of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 reverse transcriptase in contacting the single-stranded template overhang immediately ahead of the DNA polymerase catalytic center. This interaction presumably assists in inducing the appropriate geometry on the template base for efficient and accurate incorporation of t...