Ninety-eight Alpine goats of two herds were followed over 4 years in a program of annual artificial insemination after estrus induction/synchronization, including progestagen administration (vaginal sponge) followed by prostaglandin analog and equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) 48 h before sponge removal. Goats were sampled every 4 hours from the 16th to the 56th following sponge removal, for...

Absorption of light by light-harvesting complexes and transfer of electronic excitation to the photosynthetic reaction center (RC) constitute the primary light-harvesting process of photosynthesis. This process is investigated on the basis of an atomic level structure of the so-called photosynthetic unit of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The photosynthetic unit combines i...

Thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) characteristics of Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) electrets are studies in the temperature range 30 to 210 C as functions of the polarizing field (5 to 100kV/cm) and polarizing temperature (40 to 80C). The TSDC spectra comprise two maxima, namely, β and α with their respective locations around 90 C and 172.5 C. These are attributed to dipoleorient...

Manganese oxide catalyst promoted with sodium and supported on silica exhibits fairly good activity and selectivity towards the synthesis of ethylene from methane at the optimum operating conditions. Methane and oxygen were fed into a tubular fixed bed reactor packed with catalyst under atmospheric pressure. The effects of temperature, residence time and feed composition on conversion, selectiv...

Experimental and theoretical investigations of the oxidation reaction of CO to form carbon dioxide, catalyzed by size-selected Pd30 clusters soft-landed on MgO(100), are described. The consequences of pretreatment of the deposited clusters with molecular oxygen, O2, at a temperature of ∼370 K followed by annealing at around 450 K are explored. Subsequent to the above pretreatment stage, the sys...

in this study, synthesis of copper nanoparticles and effect of the reaction conditions on the particle size were investigated. the copper nanoparticles were synthesized and stabilized in a narrow temperature range in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone under nitrogen atmosphere. reaction temperature and concentration ratio of the reducing agent to the precursor (r/p) as two main conditions i...

The synthesis of citronellyl butyrate by direct esterification reaction catalyzed by immobilized lipase from Candida rugosa was studied in a continuous packed bed reactor using n-hexane as organic solvent. Parameters such as residence time, temperature, and pH were examined. The optimum conversion was obtained at a flow rate of 1 ml/min (residence time 8 min), temperature of 50 °C, and pH 7.5. ...

Cis-polybutadiene was functionalized using in–situ generated DMD as oxidant and tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide as phase transfer catalyst (PTC). The epoxidation process was investigated by 1HNMR spectroscopy. 1HNMR spectrum analysis of products confirms the absence of ring opening side products in epoxidation reaction. Various factors such as reaction temperature, reaction time and the concentr...

1-Carboxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride {[cmmim]Cl} is utilized as a highly efficient and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes by the condensation reaction of indole with arylaldehydes under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. In summary, the presented method have several advantages including simplicity, low cost, generality, efficiency, clean reaction profi...