A simple and general method is described that can combine diierent knowledge sources to reorder N-best lists of hypotheses produced by a speech recognizer. The method is automatically trainable, acquiring information from both positive and negative examples. In experiments, the method was tested on a 1000-utterance sample of unseen ATIS data.

We consider a specific advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) whose objective is to reduce drivers’ travel time uncertainty with recurrent network congestion through provision of traffic information. Since the provided information is still partial or imperfect, drivers equipped with an ATIS cannot always find the shortest travel time route and thus may not always comply with the advice pr...

How to model traveler’s perception of travel time is always an important issue in the development of traffic assignment models. Since travelers rarely have perfect knowledge of the road network or of the traveling conditions, they choose routes based on their perceived travel times. Traditionally, travelers’ perceived travel times are treated as random variables, leading to the stochastic traff...

This paper describes the structure and operation of SouL, or SemanticallyOriented Understanding of Language. SouL is a knowledge intensive reasoning system which is opportunistically used to provide a more thorough, fme grained analysis of an input utterance following its processing by a case-frame speech parser. The SOUL postprocessor relies upon extensive semantic and pragmatic knowledge to c...

Elderly drivers have a high accident rate per kilometer driven, though not per person per year, and elderly pedestrians and transit users also have above average accident rates. The potential of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) to enhance vehicle safety for elderly and less able travellers is examined. For car drivers, Advanced Vehicle Control and Safety Systems (AVCSS) and Advanced Tra...

The first paper, by Seneff, Hirschman and Zue, concerned the ATIS domain. The authors state what seems, after it is pointed out, an obvious truth, but which too few system builders seem to understand: when attempting a project like ATIS, the time to worry about the kinds of interaction that will take place in a dialogue is at the very beginning of the project. The MIT ATIS system has not yet be...

This paper discusses choice set generation and route choice model estimation for large-scale urban networks. Evaluating the effectiveness of Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) requires accurate models of how drivers choose routes based on their awareness of the roadway network and their perceptions of travel time. Many of the route choice models presented in the literature pay little ...

Introduction The first Spoken Language System tests to be conducted in the DARPA Air Travel Information System (ATIS) domain took place during the period June 15 20, 1989. This paper presents a brief description of the test protocol, comparator software used for scoring results at NIST, test material selection process, and preliminary tabulation of the scored results for seven SLS systems from ...

This paper is about language understanding using Belief Networks. Language understanding is a key technology in human-computer conversational systems. These systems often need to handle information-seeking queries from the user regarding a restricted domain. We devised a method for identifying the user’s communicative goal(s) out of a finite set of within-domain goals. The problem is formulated...