in this research the effective cultural elements on sustainable development in city of tehran has been studied. so, at first, the key issues of research has been defined and studied from different dimensions. in the next step for studying cultural development in countries and the available models of sustainable development including culture, benchmarking has been done. roles and goals of urban ...

Today’s housing, as a private realm of human life, has changed in comparison with the past which was made regardless of quality, desirability, and lack of paying attention to the human needs and its psychological consequences; That is to say, residential units have turned into a set of closed spaces and their open and semi-open spaces have been merged into the urban spaces which disrupted their...

Mohammad Sharifi, Hamed Farahani, Farhad Shahbazi, 3 Masood Sharifi, Christofer T. Kello, and Marzieh Zare Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156, Iran School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran 19395, Iran Department of Psychology, Shahid Behes...

BACKGROUND The first policy action outlined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is the implementation of national social protection systems. This study assesses whether social protection provision can impact 17 indicators of five key health-related SDG goals amongst adolescents in South Africa. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal survey of adolescents (10-18 years) between 2009 and 20...

One of the most commonly mentioned features of informal spoken Iranian Persian in contrast to its formal or written form is the pronunciation of /ān/ as [un], as in [tehrun] ‘Tehran’, and [iruni] ‘Iranian’. While several aspects of this phenomenon have been reported, a comprehensive treatment of the dialectal, sociolinguistic, phonological and phonetic aspects has not appeared. This paper attem...

Notre réseau se compose de deux les d'attente (i = 1, 2). A chaque le d'attente il y a un serveur et une salle d'attente de capacité in nie. Les clients suivent un itinéraire xé par le réseau. Ils arrivent de l'extérieur à la cadence 1, ils vont faire la le 1 où ils ont besoin d'un service de moyenne m1, et puis aligner 2 où ils ont besoin d'abord d'un service de moyenne m2, et puis ils éprouve...

BACKGROUND We sought to examine changes in the magnitude of social inequality in motorcycle helmet use in Taiwan between 2001 and 2009. METHODS Using data from the 2001 and 2009 Taiwan National Health Interview Surveys, we calculated absolute (the slope index of inequality, SII) and relative (relative index of inequality, RII) measures of inequality in helmet use by three indicators of socioe...

environmental protection is a key element in urban management. due to complex relationships between human and environment in metropolises the importance of environment is ever-increasing. in this paper the current situation of environment in tehran metropolis including air, water, biodiversity and human habitat along with the most crucial threats, their effect as well as the associated agencies...

BACKGROUND Iran is one of two main target markets for tobacco smuggling in the WHO's Eastern Mediterranean Region. The Iranian government has a local tobacco monopoly but there is high demand for international brands. Informal reports show about 20% of cigarette consumption is smuggled brands. This pack survey study is the first in Iran to gather validated information on use of smuggled cigaret...

BACKGROUND Poverty is multi dimensional. Beyond the quantitative and tangible issues related to inadequate income it also has equally important social, more intangible and difficult if not impossible to quantify dimensions. In 2009, we explored these social and relativist dimension of poverty in five communities in the South of Ghana with differing socio economic characteristics to inform the d...