Until the 1970s, analog computers were anticipated to coexist with digital computers, participating in computations that were suited to the continuous model of computation, compared to the discrete one of digital computers. The past 50 years have proven those predictions wrong: the digital von Neumann architecture has become synonymous with computing machinery. Recently, however, voltage scalin...

Compilers analyze programs to perform code-improving transformations. Analysis and transformation are carried out on intermediate representations of the program. The particular intermediate representation used has an important impact on what optimizations can be performed eeectively and eeciently. This paper examines the design of intermediate representations as it relates to program optimizati...

I examine how student allocation rules impact achievement of students of different ability and socioeconomic background. When the assignment rule shifts from exam to district based, a model illustrates that income relative to ability becomes a stronger predictor of student achievement and higher income households sort towards the better school districts. Using evidence from South Korea, I find ...

INTRODUCTION Medical schools worldwide are faced with the challenge of selecting from among many qualified applicants. One factor that might help admissions committees identify future exceptional medical students is scores on standardized entrance exams. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between scores on the most commonly used standardized medical school entrance exam ...

The author's own experience as a student and later as an active lecturer in Afghanistan has shown that the methods used in the Afghan educational systems do not provide students with the minimum guidance needed to select the proper course of study before they enter the national university entrance exam (Kankor). The result is often high attrition rates and poor performance in

DESCRIPTORS RESEARCH, *PREDICTIVE MEASUREMENT, *AGILITY IDENTIFICATION, *COLLEGE SOUND STUDENTS, *GRADE PREDICTION, PREDICTIVt ABILITY (TESTING), COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS, ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE, PSYCHOLOGICAL PATTERNS, PROBABILITY THEORY, FACTOR ANALYSIS, FACTOR STRUCTURE, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, GUILFORD ZIMMERMAN APTITUDE SURVEY. AMERICAN COUNCIL ON EDUC. PSYCHOL. EXAM, COOPERATIVE ENGLISH ...

This paper provides a long-term follow-up of students who participated in the Tennessee STAR experiment. The Tennessee STAR experiment randomly assigned 11,600 elementary school students and their teachers to a small class, regular-size class or regular-size class with a teacheraide. The experiment began with the wave of students who entered kindergarten in 1985, and lasted for four years. Afte...

This paper provides a survey over instantiation based calculi for first-order logic. This kind of calculus, which has the generation of instances of formulae at its core, has been neglected for a long period of time due to the success of resolution based methods. It has experienced a revival in interest in the last decade, as more efficient instantiation based calculi have been developed. After...

The problem of finding locations where people look at first in images, known as saliency detection, spans decades of research from multiple disciplines including psychology, neuroscience, and computer vision. Because of the complexity of the problem it can hardly be considered as solved. Here, we give an overview of the methods for saliency detection starting from early biologically-plausible m...