A density-functional self-consistent calculation of the ground-state electronic density of quantum dots under an arbitrary magnetic field is performed. We consider a parabolic lateral confining potential. The addition energy, E(N11)2E(N), where N is the number of electrons, is compared with experimental data and the different contributions to the energy are analyzed. The Hamiltonian is modeled ...

US conscription in the Civil War is analyzed. Conscription was designed to gain federal control of enlistments, leaving state and local governments much of the fiscal and administrative responsibility for raising troops. Due to the hiring of substitutes, the payment of a fee to avoid service (commutation), and community-provided funds, only 2% of those who served were conscripted. Theory sugges...

The isolation from bud scales and partial characterisation of highly active, low molecular weight, germination inhibitors, in concentrations correlated quantitively with resistance of N52/219, N11, NCo376, and NCo293, holds promise for the development of a rapid, quantitative, chemical assay for evaluating sugarcane for pre-infectional resistance to smut. Histopathological studies on stalk and ...

For a polygonal domain with h holes and a total of n vertices, we present algorithms that compute the L1 geodesic diameter in O(n2 + h4) time and the L1 geodesic center in O((n4 + n2h4)α(n)) time, respectively, where α(·) denotes the inverse Ackermann function. No algorithms were known for these problems before. For the Euclidean counterpart, the best algorithms compute the geodesic diameter in...

Under the National Banking System, 1863–1914, national banks that deposited sufficient collateral could issue notes provided they paid a tax on notes in circulation: 1% per year before 1900 and 12% thereafter. Because note issue was far below the allowed maximum, an arbitrage argument predicts that short-term nominal interest rates should have been bounded above by the tax rate. They were not. ...

Let P = n11 ⊕ · · · ⊕ nt1 be the poset given by the ordinal sum of the antichains ni1 with ni elements. We derive MacWilliams-type identities for the fragment and sphere enumerators, relating enumerators for the dual C of the linear code C on P and those for C on the dual poset P̌. The linear changes of variables appearing in the identities are explicit. So we obtain, for example, the P-weight d...

InAs/GaAs heterostructures have been simultaneously grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs (100), GaAs (100) with a 2 misorientation angle towards [01-1], and GaAs (n11)B (n = 9, 7, 5) substrates. While the substrate misorientation angle increased from 0 to 15.8 , a clear evolution from quantum dots to quantum well was evident by the surface morphology, the photoluminescence, and the time-reso...

this study was an attempt to investigate iranian efl teachers’ beliefs about effective teaching in foreign language classrooms. more specifically, the study addresses the need for a clear understanding of the role of teaching effectiveness in efl classrooms by looking at iranian efl teachers’ own beliefs. to this end, 90 iranian efl instructors of the english language voluntarily participated i...