After proposing the "Deeming Rule" in 2014, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) began regulating the manufacturing, marketing, and sales of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) products as tobacco products in 2016. The current study conducted vape shop store observations and surveyed Los Angeles-area shop employees (assessing their beliefs, awareness, and perceptions of e-cigarettes and r...

Recognizing the growth of Facebook and advertising on this platform in an emerging market, we conducted a study impact characteristics market’s purchase intention. This attempts to identify test key factors that have direct customer online intention for advertised products, examines mediating role attitude towards advertising. In addition, been shown previous studies consumer intention, such as...

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to determine and compare antibacterial efficacy of aqueous extracts of black, green, and lemon tea of a commercially available brand. MATERIALS AND METHODS The well-diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of commercially available black tea, green tea, and lemon tea at three different concentrations (1.5 g, 5 g, and 7.5 g) aga...

Although China and India are the two largest tea-producing countries, the domestication origin and breeding history of the tea plant in these two countries remain unclear. Our previous study suggested that the tea plant includes three distinct lineages (China type tea, Chinese Assam type tea and Indian Assam type tea), which were independently domesticated in China and India, respectively. To d...

Foodborne pathogens can cause acute and chronic diseases and produce a wide range of symptoms. Since the consumption of ground beef is a risk factor for infections with some bacterial pathogens, we performed a comprehensive evaluation of butcher shops, implemented improvement actions for both butcher shops and consumers, and verified the impact of those actions implemented. A comprehensive eval...

After water, tea is the world’s most widely consumed beverage. Tea is enjoyed by many people for its cooling and slightly bitter flavor and is known to have many particular health benefits [1-3]. There are several types of tea according to its fermentation processes such as black tea, oolong tea, white tea, yellow tea and green tea [4,5]. Green tea is, like many another type in general and gree...

BACKGROUND Private sector drug shops are an important source of malaria treatment in Africa, yet diagnosis without parasitological testing is common among these providers. Accurate rapid diagnostic tests for malaria (mRDTs) require limited training and present an opportunity to increase access to correct diagnosis. The present study was a cost-effectiveness analysis of the introduction of mRDTs...

INTRODUCTION The popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has spurred the growth of vape shops, but little is known about the retailers who may play an important role in the introduction and dissemination of vape products. In this paper we examine how retailers profile their customers and their perceptions of vaping, and the services their shops provide. METHODS Semi-structured inte...

BACKGROUND Private-sector drug shops are often the first point of health care in sub-Saharan Africa. Training and supporting drug shop and pharmacy staff to provide a wide range of contraceptive methods and information is a promising high-impact practice for which more information is needed to fully document implementation experience and impact. METHODS Between September 2010 and March 2011, ...

Some e-shops present product attributes in structured form, but many others use the textual description only. Attributes of products are essential in automated product deduplication. We suggest methods for automated extraction of attributes and their values from product descriptions to a structural form. The structural data extracted from other e-shops are used as background knowledge.