We describe a simple iterative approach to augment TCR affinity, which we studied using a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-specific TCR. We hypothesized that single amino acid modifications in TCR CDR3 could enhance TCR sensitivity through focal interactions with antigenic peptide while minimizing the risk of cross-reactivity observed previously in TCR more broadly mutagenized using in vitro...

Expression and function of the antigen T cell receptor (TCR) play a central role in regulating immune responsiveness. Accordingly, targeting the expression of TCR or its associated CD3 subunits profoundly influences T cell development and adaptive immunity. Down-regulation of the invariant TCR chain has been documented in a wide variety of chronic inflammatory and infectious diseases, and is th...

Adoptive transfer of antigen-specific T cells is an attractive strategy for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. It has been shown that T cells recognizing minor histocompatibility antigens (mHag) selectively expressed on hematopoietic cells mediate antileukemic reactivity after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. However, large numbers of T cells with defined specificity are difficult ...

Adoptive T cell therapy that collected from the patient’s blood for treating cancer and chronic infections has revolutionized field of oncology personalized medicine. However, such highly activated cells have specific receptor (TCR) against target disease are usually greatly outnumbered by not-activated due to stochastic generation TCR V(D)J recombination, approximately 106∼107 possible TCR. In...

The cover picture shows the electrochemical detection of dihydroxy benzene by nano-electrocatalysts based on carbonaceous nanomaterials (i.e., carbon nanotubes, graphene, and their derivatives) non-carbonaceous metal-organic frameworks, molecular imprinted polymers, other nanomaterials). See Reviews Part 1 (DOI:10.1002/tcr.202100043) 2 (DOI:10.1002/tcr.202100044) Md. Abdul Aziz, A. J. Saleh Aha...

Mycosis fungoides (MF), the most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, has various unspecific clinical and histological characteristics. Its early diagnosis is challenging. The application of T-cell receptor (TCR) gene clonal rearrangement to the diagnosis of MF has been widely studied. In this study, we used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to investigate the diagnostic significance of dete...

Redirecting Ag specificity by transfer of TCR genes into PBLs is an attractive method to generate large numbers of cytotoxic T cells for immunotherapy of cancer and viral diseases. However, transferred TCR chains can pair with endogenous TCR chains, resulting in the formation of mispaired TCR dimers and decreased or unspecific reactivity. TCR gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) i...

T cell differentiation relies on pre-T cell receptor (TCR) and TCR signaling events that take place at successive steps of the pathway. Here, we show that two of these T cell differentiation checkpoints are regulated by Ikaros. In the absence of Ikaros, double negative thymocytes can differentiate to the double positive stage without expression of a pre-TCR complex. Subsequent events in T cell ...

CD4(+) T cells respond to peripheral endogenous superantigen stimulation by undergoing deletion or TCR revision. The latter involves RAG re-expression, TCR gene rearrangement, and expression of a novel TCR. TCR-revised T cells are functional and express a diverse TCR repertoire. Because TCR revision harbors the potential to create self-reactivity, it is important to explore whether T cells know...