Male and female leaves and fruits of eleven different taxons of Iranian conifers (Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis, C. sempervirens var. sempervirens, C. sempervirens cv. Cereifeormis, Juniperus communis subsp. hemisphaerica, J. excelsa subsp. excelsa, J. excelsa subsp. polycarpos, J. foetidissima, J. oblonga, J. sabina, Platycladus orientalis and Taxus baccata) were collected from diff...

Eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana L. Cupressaceae) occurs naturally throughout eastern North America and has been identified as a source of podophyllotoxin. Podophyllotoxin is used to manufacture drugs for treatment of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, genital warts, psoriasis, and multiple sclerosis. Leaf material was collected from Juniperus plants located in northern Mississippi once a mon...

The roots of nearly all land plants form mycorrhizal symbioses with specialized soil fungi. The mycorrhizal fungi serve as extensions of plant roots, taking up nutrients and water and transferring them to the roots. In return, the mycorrhizal fungi receive their primary energy source in the form of simple sugars from plant photosynthates translocated to the roots. Sequoiadendron giganteum forms...

Gonocerus acuteangulatus (Goeze) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) is one of the most harmful hazelnut pests in Europe and Turkey, responsible for affecting seriously crop quality with its feeding activity. Chemical control is very difficult to achieve due to its high mobility and polyphagy; however, it is currently the only available method to reduce effectively damage by bugs. Therefore, a two-year study...