Background: The first purpose of this study was to investigate the rate of oral and laryngeal Diadochokinesis (DDK) in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients in comparison with healthy people. The second goal was to determine if DDK rate has any relationship with the disease progression. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, two groups were enroll...

The present study aims to investigate the relative effectiveness of different types of pragmatic instruction including two collaborative translation tasks and two structured input tasks with and without explicit pragmatic instruction on the production of apologetic utterances by low-intermediate EFL learners. One hundred and fifty university students in four experimental groups and one control ...

Framed in a cognitive approach to task-supported L2 vocabulary learning, the present study used a pedagogical approach to investigate the relative effectiveness of tasks with different involvement loads on the vocabulary knowledge of Iranian EFL learners. The goal was to investigate the way that the construct of involvement load is related to the Input Hypothesis (Krashen, 1985) and the Output ...

This study examined the effects of input-oriented and output-oriented tasks with different involvement load indices on Iranian EFL learners' comprehension and production of lexical collocations. To achieve this purpose, a sample of 180 intermediate-level EFL learners (both male and female) participated in the study. The participants were in six experimental groups. Each of the groups was random...

background: this study was an investigation conducted at two oil palm plantations in slim river district, perak, malaysia on the prevalence of back pain among workers in the malaysian oil palm industry. many manual handling activities and tasks performed were not designed ergonomically, thus a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was found among oil palm fresh fruit bunches (ffbs) manua...

background: work-related musculoskeletal disorders (wmsds) are a leading cause of disability and workers compensations. objectives: the research was done in tehran pars-electric factory to prevent inducing wmsds. rapid entire body assessment (reba) was carried out to assess musculoskeletal loads on workers due to their postures, repetition, and force. nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire (nmq) ...